Macrocyclic urea and sulfamide derivatives as inhibitors of tafia

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) which are inhibitors of activated thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor. The compounds of the formula I are suitable for producing medicaments for prophylaxis, secondary prevention and treatment of one or more disorders associated with thromboses, embolisms, hypercoagulability or fibrotic changes.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.14/048,339, filed Oct. 8, 2013 which is a divisional of U.S. applicationSer. No. 12/996,460, filed Apr. 8, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,580,777,which is a 371 of International Application having Serial No.PCT/EP2009/003650, filed May 22, 2009 which claims benefit of EuropeanPatent Application No. 08290520.9, filed Jun. 6, 2008, which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The invention relates to novel compounds of the formula I which inhibitthe enzyme TAFIa (activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysisinhibitor), to process for their preparation and to the use thereof asmedicaments.

The enzyme TAFIa is produced for example through thrombin activationfrom the thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor zymogen (TAFI). Theenzyme TAFI is also referred to as plasma procarboxypeptidase B,procarboxypeptidase U or procarboxypeptidase R and is a proenzymesimilar to carboxypeptidase B (L. Bajzar, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc.Biol. 2000, pages 2511-2518).

During formation of a clot, thrombin is generated as the final productof the coagulation cascade and induces conversion of soluble plasmafibrinogen to an insoluble fibrin matrix. At the same time, thrombinactivates the endogenous fibrinolysis inhibitor TAFI. Activated TAFI(TAFIa) is thus produced during thrombus formation and lysis from thezymogen TAFI through the action of thrombin; thrombomodulin in a complexwith thrombin increases this effect about 1250-fold. TAFIa cleaves basicamino acids at the carboxy end of fibrin. The loss of carboxy-terminallysines as binding sites for plasminogen then leads to inhibition offibrinolysis. Efficient inhibitors of TAFIa prevent the loss of thesehigh-affinity lysine binding sites for plasminogen and, in this way,assist endogenous fibrinolysis by plasmin: TAFIa inhibitors haveprofibrinolytic effects.

In order to maintain hemostasis in the blood, mechanisms which lead tothe clotting of blood and to the breaking up of clots have developed;these are in equilibrium. If a disturbed equilibrium favors coagulation,fibrin is produced in larger quantities, so that pathological processesof thrombus formation may lead to serious pathological states in humans.

Just like excessive coagulation may lead to serious pathological statescaused by thrombosis, an antithrombotic treatment entails the risk ofunwanted bleeding through disturbance of the formation of a necessaryhemostatic plug. Inhibition of TAFIa increases endogenousfibrinolysis—without influencing coagulation and plateletaggregation—i.e. the disturbed equilibrium is shifted in favor offibrinolysis. It is thus possible both to counter the buildup of aclinically relevant thrombus, and to increase the lysis of apre-existing clot. On the other hand, buildup of a hemostatic plug isnot impaired, so that a hemorrhagic diathesis is probably not to beexpected (Bouma et al., J. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 1, 2003, pages1566-1574).

Inhibitors of TAFIa have previously been described in the internationalapplication WO2005/105781.

The TAFIa inhibitors of the invention are suitable for a prophylacticand for a therapeutic use in humans suffering from disorders associatedwith thromboses, embolisms, hypercoagulability or fibrotic changes. Theycan be employed for secondary prevention and are suitable both for acuteand for long-term therapy. The invention therefore relates to the use ofthe compound of the formula I

and/or of a stereoisomeric form of the compound of the formula I and/ormixtures of these forms in any ratio, and/or a physiologically toleratedsalt of the compound of the formula I, where

X is —C(O)— or —SO₂—,

U is oxygen atom, sulfur atom, NH, —C(O)—NH— or —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-,A is oxygen atom, sulfur atom, NH, —C(O)—NH— —NH—C(O)—, —NR2- or—(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-,

V is

1) —(C₂-C₉)-alkylene-, where alkylene is unsubstituted or substitutedindependently of one another once, twice or three times by —OH, NH₂ orhalogen, 2) —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl-(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-,where cycloalkyl is substituted independently of one another once, twiceor three times by R15, or3) —(C₃-C₉)-alkenylene-,D is —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-,Y is 1) covalent bond,2) —(C₃-C₁₂)-cycloalkyl, where cycloalkyl is substituted independentlyof one another once, twice or three times by R15,3) —(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, where aryl is unsubstituted or substitutedindependently of one another once, twice or three times by R15, or4) Het, where Het means a 4- to 15-membered heterocyclic ring systemhaving 4 to 15 ring atoms which are present in one, two or three ringsystems which are connected together, and which comprise, depending onthe ring size, one, two, three or four identical or differentheteroatoms from the series oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, andin which Het is unsubstituted or substituted independently of oneanother once, twice or three times by a —(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, halogen, —NH₂,—CF₃ or —O—CF₃,

R1 is

1) hydrogen atom,2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,3) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-OH,4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkyl-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl,5) —(C₁-C₁₀)-alkyl-O—C(O)—O—R2,6) —(CH₂)_(r)—(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, in which aryl is unsubstituted orsubstituted independently of one another once, twice or three times byR15, and r is the integer zero, 1, 2 or 3, or7) —(CH₂)_(s)-Het, where Het means a 4- to 15-membered heterocyclic ringsystem having 4 to 15 ring atoms which are present in one, two or threering systems which are connected together, and which comprise, dependingon the ring size, one, two, three or four identical or differentheteroatoms from the series oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, and in which Hetis unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twiceor three times by R15, and s is the integer zero, 1, 2 or 3,R2 is 1) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,2) —(CH₂)_(r)-(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, in which aryl is unsubstituted orsubstituted independently of one another once, twice or three times byR15, and r is the integer zero, 1, 2 or 3, or3) —(C₀-C₄)-alkyl-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl,R3 is 1) —(C₂-C₆)-alkylene-NH₂, where alkylene is unsubstituted orsubstituted once, twice, three or four times by halogen,2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-O—(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂,3) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-SO₂-(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂,4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-Het, where Het is as defined above and issubstituted by —NH₂ and once, twice or three times by R15,5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl-NH₂ or6) —(C₀-C₆)-alkylene-cyclic amine,

R6 is

1) hydrogen atom,2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, where alkyl is unsubstituted or substitutedindependently of one another once, twice or three times by R16,3) —O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, where alkyl is unsubstituted or substitutedindependently of one another once, twice or three times by R16,4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-Het, where Het is as defined above, where alkyleneand Het are unsubstituted or substituted independently of one anotheronce, twice or three times by R16,5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-aryl, where alkylene and aryl are unsubstituted orsubstituted independently of one another once, twice or three times byR16, or6) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl, where alkylene and cycloalkylare unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once,twice or three times by R16,R7 is hydrogen atom, halogen or —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,R8 is hydrogen atom, halogen or —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,R9 is hydrogen atom, halogen or —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,R15 is hydrogen atom, —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, —O—CF₃, —NH₂, —OH, —CF₃ orhalogen, andR16 is —O—CF₃, —NH₂, —OH, —CF₃ or halogen.2) The invention further relates to a compound of the formula I, where

X is —C(O)— or —SO₂—,

U is oxygen atom, sulfur atom, NH, —C(O)—NH— or —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-,A is oxygen atom, sulfur atom, NH, —C(O)—NH— or —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-,

V is

1) —(C₂-C₉)-alkylene- or2) —(C₃-C₉)-alkenylene-,D is —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-,

Y is

1) covalent bond,2) —(C₃-C₁₂)-cycloalkyl, where cycloalkyl is substituted independentlyof one another once, twice or three times by R15,3) —(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, where aryl is unsubstituted or substitutedindependently of one another once, twice or three times by R15, or4) Het, where Het means a 4- to 15-membered heterocyclic ring systemhaving 4 to 15 ring atoms, which are present in one, two or three ringsystems which are connected together, and which comprise, depending onthe ring size, one, two, three or four identical or differentheteroatoms from the series oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, andin which Het is unsubstituted or substituted independently of oneanother once, twice or three times by a —(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, halogen, —NH₂,—CF₃ or —O—CF₃,

R1 is

1) hydrogen atom,2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,3) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-OH,4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkyl-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl,5) —(C₁-C₁₀)-alkyl-O—C(O)—O—R2,6) —(CH₂)_(r)—(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, in which aryl is unsubstituted orsubstituted independently of one another once, twice or three times byR15, and r is the integer zero, 1, 2 or 3, or7) —(CH₂)_(s)-Het, where Het means a 4- to 15-membered heterocyclic ringsystem having 4 to 15 ring atoms which are present in one, two or threering systems which are connected together, and which comprise, dependingon the ring size, one, two, three or four identical or differentheteroatoms from the series oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, and in which Hetis unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twiceor three times by R15, and s is the integer zero, 1, 2 or 3,

R2 is

1) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,2) —(CH₂)_(r)—(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, in which aryl is unsubstituted orsubstituted independently of one another once, twice or three times byR15, and r is the integer zero, 1, 2 or 3, or3) —(C₀-C₄)-alkyl-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl, R3 is1) —(C₂-C₆)-alkylene-NH₂, where alkylene is unsubstituted or substitutedonce, twice, three or four times by halogen,2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-O—(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂,3) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-SO₂—(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂,4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-Het, where Het is as defined above and issubstituted by —NH₂ and once, twice or three times by R15,5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl-NH₂ or6) —(C₀-C₆)-alkylene-cyclic amine,

R6 is

1) hydrogen atom,2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, where alkyl is unsubstituted or substitutedindependently of one another once, twice or three times by R16,3) —O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, where alkyl is unsubstituted or substitutedindependently of one another once, twice or three times by R16,4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-Het, where Het is as defined above, where alkyleneand Het are unsubstituted or substituted independently of one anotheronce, twice or three times by R16,5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-aryl, where alkylene and aryl are unsubstituted orsubstituted independently of one another once, twice or three times byR16, or6) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl, where alkylene and cycloalkylare unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once,twice or three times by R16,R7 is hydrogen atom, halogen or —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,R8 is hydrogen atom, halogen or —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,R9 is hydrogen atom, halogen or —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,R15 is hydrogen atom, —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, —O—CF₃, —NH₂, —OH, —CF₃ orhalogen, andR16 is —O—CF₃, —NH₂, —OH, —CF₃ or halogen.3) The invention further relates to a compound of the formula I where

X is —C(O)— or —SO₂—,

U is oxygen atom, sulfur atom, NH, —C(O)—NH— or —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-,A is oxygen atom or —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-,V is —(C₂-C₈)-alkylene- or —(C₃-C₆)-alkenylene-,D is —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-,Y is 1) covalent bond,2) —(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl, where cycloalkyl is substituted independently ofone another once, twice or three times by R15,3) —(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, where aryl is selected from the group of phenyl,naphthyl, anthryl or fluorenyl, and in which aryl is unsubstituted orsubstituted independently of one another once, twice or three times byR15, or4) Het, where Het is selected from the group of acridinyl, azepinyl,azetidinyl, aziridinyl, benzimidazalinyl, benzimidazolyl,benzo[1,3]dioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl,benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl,benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl,carbolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl,quinuclidinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, deca-hydroquinolinyl,dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl,dihydrofuran[2,3-b]-tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, dioxolyl,dioxanyl, 2H, 6H-1,5,2-dithiazinyl, furanyl, furazanyl, imidazolidinyl,imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, 1H-indazolyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl,3H-indolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isochromanyl, isoindazolyl, isoindolinyl,isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl (benzimidazolyl), isothiazolidinyl,2-isothiazolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isoxazolidinyl,2-isoxazolinyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, octahydroisoquinolinyl,oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl,1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, oxothiolanyl,pyrimidinyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl,phenothiazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, piperazinyl,piperidinyl, pteridinyl, purynyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyroazolidinyl,pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pryidooxazolyl, pyridoimidazolyl,pyridothiazolyl, pyridothiophenyl, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl,pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl,6H-1,2,5-thiadazinyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl,1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, thianthrenyl, thiazolyl,thienyl, thienoimidazolyl, thienooxazolyl, thienopyridine,thienothiazolyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiophenyl, triazinyl,1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,5-triazolyl,1,3,4-triazolyl and xanthenyl, and in which Het is unsubstituted orsubstituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by a—(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, halogen, —NH₂, —CF₃ or —O—CF₃,

R1 is

1) hydrogen atom or2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

R3 is

1) —(C₂-C₆)-alkylene-NH₂, where alkylene is unsubstituted or substitutedonce, twice, three or four times by halogen,2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-SO₂—(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂ or3) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-Het, where Het is as defined above and issubstituted by—NH₂ and once, twice or three times by R15,

R6 is

1) hydrogen atom,2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, where alkyl is unsubstituted or substitutedindependently of one another once, twice or three times by R16,3) —O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, where alkyl is unsubstituted or substitutedindependently of one another once, twice or three times by R16,4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-Het, where Het is as defined above, where alkyleneand Het are unsubstituted or substituted independently of one anotheronce, twice or three times by R16,5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-aryl, where alkylene and aryl are unsubstituted orsubstituted independently of one another once, twice or three times byR16, or6) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl, where alkylene and cycloalkylare unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once,twice or three times by R16,R7 is hydrogen atom, F or —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,R8 is hydrogen atom, F or —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,R9 is hydrogen atom, F or —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,R15 is hydrogen atom, —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, —O—CF₃, —NH₂, —OH, —CF₃ orhalogen, andR16 is —O—CF₃, —OH, —CF₃ or F.4) The invention further relates to a compound of the formula I where

X is —C(O)—,

U is oxygen atom,A is oxygen atom or —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-,

V is

1) —(C₂-C₈)-alkylene-, where alkylene is unsubstituted or substitutedindependently of one another once or twice by —OH, F or Cl,2) —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-cyclopropyl-(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-, where cyclopropyl issubstituted once or twice by F, or3) —(C₃-C₆)-alkenylene-,D is —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-,Y is 1) covalent bond or2) phenyl, in which phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted independentlyof one another once, twice or three times by R15,

R1 is

1) hydrogen atom or2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

R3 is

1) —(C₂-C₆)-alkylene-NH₂,2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-SO₂—(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂ or3) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-pyridyl, where pyridyl is substituted by —NH₂ andonce, twice or three times by R15,

R6 is

1) hydrogen atom,2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

3) —CF₃,

4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-phenyl or5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl,R7, R8 and R9 are each hydrogen atom, andR15 is hydrogen atom, —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, —CF₃ or halogen.5) The invention further relates to a compound of the formula I where

X is —C(O)—,

U is oxygen atom,A is oxygen atom or —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-,V is —(C₂-C₈)-alkylene- or —(C₃-C₆)-alkenylene-,D is —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-,

Y is

1) covalent bond or2) phenyl, in which phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted independentlyof one another once, twice or three times by R15,

R1 is

1) hydrogen atom or2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

R3 is

1) —(C₂-C₆)-alkylene-NH₂,2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-SO₂—(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂ or3) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-pyridyl, where pyridyl is substituted by —NH₂ oronce, twice or three times by R15,

R6 is

1) hydrogen atom,2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

3) —CF₃,

4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-phenyl or5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl,R7, R8 and R9 are each hydrogen atom, andR15 is hydrogen atom, —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, —CF₃ or halogen.

The term “(C₁-C₆)-alkyl” means hydrocarbon radicals whose carbon chainis straight-chain or branched and comprises 1 to 6 carbon atoms, forexample methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiarybutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 2,3-dimethylbutane orneohexyl.

The term “—(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-” means hydrocarbon radicals whose carbonchain is straight-chain or branched and comprises 1 to 4 carbon atoms,for example methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, isobutylene,butylene or tertiary butylene. “—C₀-Alkylene” is a covalent bond.

The term “—(C₃-C₉)-alkylene-” means hydrocarbon radicals whose carbonchain is straight-chain or branched and comprises 3 to 9 carbon atoms,for example propylene, isopropylene, butylene, isobutylene, pentylene,isopentylene, neopentylene, hexylene, 2,3-dimethylbutanylene,neohexylene, heptylene, octanylene or nonanylene.

The term “—(C₃-C₉)-alkenylene” means hydrocarbon radicals whose carbonchain is straight-chain or branched and comprises 3 to 9 carbon atomsand have, depending on the chain length, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, forexample ethenylene, propenylene, isopropenylene, isobutenylene orbutenylene; the substituents on the double bond may, where possible inprinciple, be disposed in E or Z positions.

The term “(C₃-C₁₂)-cycloalkyl” means radicals such as compounds derivedfrom 3- to 12-membered mono-, bi- or tricycles or bridged rings such asthe monocycles cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane,cycloheptane or cyclooctane, derived from the bicyclesbicyclo[4.2.0]octane, octahydroindene, decahydronaphthalene,decahydroazulene, decahydrobenzocycloheptene or dodecahydroheptalene, orfrom tricycles such as adamantane, or derived from the bridged ringssuch as spiro[2.5]octane, spiro[3.4]octane, spiro[3.5]nonane,bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane oroctahydro-4,7-methanindene.

The term “—(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl” means aromatic carbon radicals having 6 to 14carbon atoms in the ring. Examples of —(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl radicals arephenyl, naphthyl, for example 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl,1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, anthryl or fluorenyl. Naphthyl radicalsand especially phenyl radicals are preferred aryl radicals.

The term “4- to 15-membered heterocyclic ring system” or “Het” meansring systems having 4 to 15 ring atoms which are present in one, two orthree ring systems connected together and which comprise, depending onthe ring size, one, two, three or four identical or different heteratomsfrom the series oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur. Examples of these ringsystems are the radicals acridinyl, azepinyl, azetidinyl, aziridinyl,benzimidazalinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzo[1,3]dioxol, benzofuranyl,benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl,benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl,carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl,4H-quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinuclidinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl,cinnolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl,dihydrofuran[2,3-b]-tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, dioxolyl,dioxanyl, 2H,6H-1,5,2-dithiazinyl, furanyl, furazanyl, imidazolidinyl,imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, 1H-indazolyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl,3H-indolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isochromanyl, isoindazolyl, isoindolinyl,isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl (benzimidazolyl), isothiazolidinyl,2-isothiazolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isoxazolidinyl,2-isoxazolinyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, octahydroisoquinolinyl,oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl,1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, oxothiolanyl,pyrimidinyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl,phenothiazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, piperazinyl,piperidinyl, pteridinyl, purynyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyroazolidinyl,pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pryidooxazolyl, pyridoimidazolyl,pyridothiazolyl, pyridothiophenyl, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl,pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl,6H-1,2,5-thiadazinyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl,1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, thianthrenyl, thiazolyl,thienyl, thienoimidazolyl, thienooxazolyl, thienopyridine,thienothiazolyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiophenyl, triazinyl,1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,5-triazolyl,1,3,4-triazolyl and xanthenyl. Preferred Het rings are the radicalsisoxazolyl, benzo[1,3]dioxole, thiophenyl, imidazole and thiazole.

The term “halogen” means fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine,preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine, especially chlorine orbromine.

The term “—SO₂—” means a sulfonyl radical.

The term “—C(O)—” means a carbonyl radical.

The term “cyclic amines” means ring systems such as cyclic amines, forexample azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, azepinyl,morpholinyl or thiomorpholinyl.

The invention further relates to a process for preparing the compound ofthe formula I, which comprises

a) reacting a compound of the formula (II)

where U, R6 and R8 have the meanings mentioned in the compound of theformula (I), with an amino acid of the formula (III)

in which R9, A, Y and D have the meanings mentioned in the compound ofthe formula (I), resulting in a compound of the formula (IV)

which is converted under the conditions of ring-closure metathesis andsubsequent hydrogenation of the resulting double bond into a compound ofthe formula (V)

where V is —(C₂-C₉)-alkylene- or —(C₃-C₉)-alkenylene-, subsequentlyeliminating the protective group PG, and obtaining the compound of theformula (VI),

and reacting with a compound of the formula (VII)

in which R3 and R7 have the meanings mentioned in formula (I), PG is asuitable ester protective group radical, and the nitrogen in R3 isprotected where appropriate by a suitable amino protective group, withphosgene or a phosgene equivalent to give a compound of the formula(VIII)

subsequently the protective group PG and the protective group which ispresent where appropriate on the nitrogen in R3 are eliminated,resulting in the compound of the formula (I), orb) reacting a compound of the formula (IX)

in which U, V, R6 and R8 have the meanings mentioned in the compound ofthe formula (I), and PG_(a) is a suitable carboxyl protective group,with an amino acid of the formula (X)

in which R9, Y and D have the meanings mentioned in the compound of theformula I, and PG_(b) and PG_(c) are suitable amino protective groups,resulting in a compound of the formula (XI)

which, after elimination of the protective groups PGa and PG_(b), isconverted into the compound of the formula (XII)

which is converted by means of an amide coupling into a compound of theformula (V),in which A has the meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula I,subsequently the protective group is eliminated and the compound of theformula (VI) is obtained,and reacted with a compound of the formula (VII)in which R3 and R7 have the meanings mentioned in formula I, PG is asuitable ester protective group radical, and the nitrogen in R3 isprotected where appropriate by a suitable amino protective group, withphosgene or a phosgene equivalent to give a compound of the formula(VIII), subsequently the protective group PG and the protective groupwhich is present where appropriate on the nitrogen in R3 are eliminated,resulting in the compound of the formula (I), orc) reacting a compound of the formula (XIII)

in which U, V, R6 and R8 have the meanings mentioned in the compound ofthe formula I, and PG_(d) is a suitable amino protective group, with anamino acid of the formula (XIV)

in which R9, Y and D have the meanings mentioned in the compound of theformula I, and PG_(c) is a suitable amino protective group and PGe is asuitable carboxyl protective group, resulting in a compound of theformula (XV)

which, after elimination of the protective groups PG_(d) and PG_(e), isconverted into the compound of the formula (XVI)

which is reacted to give a compound of the formula (V), in which A hasthe meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula I, subsequentlythe protective group is eliminated and the compound of the formula (VI)is obtained,and reacted with a compound of the formula (VII),in which R3 and R7 have the meanings mentioned in formula I, PG is asuitable ester protective group radical, and the nitrogen in R3 isprotected where appropriate by a suitable amino protective group, withphosgene or a phosgene equivalent to give a compound of the formula(VIII), subsequently the protective group PG and the protective groupwhich is present where appropriate on the nitrogen in R3 are eliminated,resulting in the compound of the formula (I), ord) reacting a compound of the formula XVII

in which U, V, A, Y, D, R₆, R₈ and R₉ have the meanings mentioned in thecompound of the formula I, with a compound of the formula (V),subsequently the protective groups are eliminated, and a compound of theformula (VI) is obtained,and reacted with a compound of the formula (VII),in which R3 and R7 have the meanings mentioned in formula I, PG is asuitable ester protective group radical, and the nitrogen in R3 isprotected where appropriate by a suitable amino protective group, withphosgene or a phosgene equivalent to give a compound of the formula(VIII), and subsequently the protective groups PG and, whereappropriate, the protective group on the nitrogen in R3 are eliminated,resulting in the compound of the formula (I), ore) converting a compound of the formula (VIIIa)

in which V is —(C₃-C₉)-alkenylene-, into the compound of the formula(VIIIb)

in which V is —(C₃-C₉)-alkylene-, where alkylene is substitutedindependently of one another once, twice or three times by —OH, NH₂ orhalogen, or is —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl-(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-,where cycloalkyl is substituted independently of one another once, twiceor three times by R15, subsequently the compound of the formula (VIIIb)is converted in analogy to process a) into the compound of the formula(I), orf) reacting a compound of the formula (XVIII)

in which V is as defined in the compound of the formula (I),successively with the compounds of the formula (XIX) and (XX)

employing bases in polar, aprotic solvents, and converting the resultingcompounds of the formula (XXI)

by removing the protective group PGa and subsequent formation of apeptide linkage into a compound of the formula (V), and reacting thelatter as in process a) to give compounds of the formula (I) in whichR6, R8, R9, and A, D, U, V and Y have the meanings mentioned in formula(I), and PG is suitable protective groups, and LG is a leaving groupsuch as chlorine, bromine, iodine or sulfonic ester, org) reacting a compound of the formula VI with a compound of the formula(XXII)

in which R3 and R7 have the meanings mentioned in the compound of theformula I, and PG is a suitable protective group radical, to give acompound of the formula (XXIII)

and then convering into a compound of the formula (I), orh) fractionating a compound of the formula I prepared by processes a),b), c), d), e), f) or g), or a suitable precursor of the formula (I)which occurs in enantiomeric forms owing to its chemical structure, bysalt formation with enantiopure acids or bases, chromatography on chiralstationary phases or derivatization by means of chiral enantiopurecompounds such as amino acids, separation of the diastereomers obtainedin this way, and elimination of the chiral auxiliary groups into thepure enantiomers, ori) either isolating in free form the compound of the formula (I)prepared by processes a), b), c), d), e), f) or g), or converting intophysiologically tolerated salts in the case where acidic or basic groupsare present.

The preparation options described in processes a) to f) may be varied inthe sequence of the process steps and are not confined to the processesdescribed in this way; thus, for example, the urea or sulfamide linkagecan first be formed to give compounds of the type XII (depicted here forthe urea type), subsequently deprotected and reacted with a compound oftype II to give compounds of type XIV, which then afford the compounds Iof the invention in analogy to VIII and further.

Preparation of compounds of type II is for example by direct allylationof commercially available amino alcohols using allylating agents such asallyl halides or allyl sulfonic esters in polar aprotic solvents such astetrahydrofuran (THF) or dimethylformamide (DMF) employing strong basessuch as sodium hydride, lithium hexamethyldisilazane or alkali metalcarbonates described in Organic Preparations and ProceduresInternational, 34 (5) 511-514. Alternatively, the amino group canpreviously be protected, for example by formation of the Schiff's basesas described in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1:Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry, (14), 2139-2145; 1997. Removal of theprotective group can take place in acidic media, preferably dilutehydrochloric acid, in water-soluble organic solvents such as THF ormethanol or mixtures of a plurality of such solvents. Compounds of typeIII are commercially available or can be obtained from commerciallyavailable amino acid derivatives as described above by allylation on anatom, preferably on a heteroatom of the side chain.

Compounds of type VII are commercially available or can be obtained bystandard processes of protective group chemistry (see below).

Compounds of type IX can be prepared by standard processes of organicchemistry, such as by Michael addition of substituted β-amino alcoholsonto α,β-unsaturated ester compounds in the presence of catalyticamounts of sodium (J. Org. Chem. Vol. 69, No. 5, 2004, 1716-1719)

or else by Lewis acid-catalyzed addition of appropriately substitutedalcohols onto protected aziridines

Compounds of type X are ordinarily commercially available, such as

or can be prepared therefrom by standard transformations.

Likewise, compounds of type XIV are ordinarily commercially availabe,such as

or can be prepared therefrom by standard transformations.

Compounds of type XIII can be obtained, as described above, by Lewisacid-catalyzed addition of appropriate amino alcohols onto protectedsubstituted aziridines

as described in Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 34, No. 41, 1993, 6513-6516.Preparation of 2-oxooxazolidine-3-sulfonamides of type XVIII andsubsequent conversion into sulfamides is described for example inOrganic Process Research & Development (2006), 10(4), 770-775 and can beundertaken here from known amino acid derivatives.

Methods for peptide coupling are described for instance in Bodanszky (M.Bodanszky, Principles of Peptide Synthesis, 2nd ed, Springer, Berlin,1993). Mention may be made for example from the diversity of knownmethods of the activations of carboxylic acids by the carbodiimideprocess (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77, 1067) and by active esterprocesses such as, for example, by phosphonium salts (Tetrahedron Lett.,1975, 14; Int, J. Peptide Protein Res. 1988, 31, 231) or uronium salts(Tetrahedron Lett., 1978, 1269, Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 1927, J.Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 201). Protective groups, theintroduction, elimination and stability thereof are described forexample in Greene (T. W. Greene, P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis, 3rd ed, Wiley, New York, 1999). Preferred protectivegroups are for example amino protective groups such astert-butyloxycarbonyl, fluorenyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl,benzylidene or diphenylmethylidene protective groups; preferred carboxylprotective groups are alkyl esters such as methyl, ethyl, benzyl orsilyl esters such as trimethylsilyl esters. The preparation of ureas isdescribed in detail for example in G. Sartori; R. Maggi, Acyclic andcyclic ureas Science of Synthesis (2005), 18, 665-758. The two aminocomponents are in this case reacted in polar or nonpolar aproticsolvents such as DMF, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, where appropriatewith the addition of a base such as alkali metal carbonate or organicnitrogen bases, preferably triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine and,where appropriate, an acylation catalyst such as dimethylaminopyridine,with phosgene, triphosgene, diphosgene or phosgene equivalents such as1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole or disuccidinyl carbonate or chloroformicesters to form activated urea precursors. Formation of the urea linkagecan also take place by using the appropriate isocyanates of one of thetwo coupling partners. Ring closure metathesis (olefin metathesis) meansthe ring-closing carbon-carbon linkage between two alkenyl groupsthrough the action of the metallocarbene catalysts of Grubbs,Hoyveda-Grubbs or Schrock in solvents such as, for example,dichloromethane, benzene, pentane or THF with elimination of ethylene,preferably at temperatures between 25 and 50° C., and is described forexample in Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2039-2041; Acc. Chem.Res. 2001, 34, 18-29; Handbook of Metathesis, Grubbs, R. H. Ed.,Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2003; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42,1900-1923; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 4490-4527. Hydrogenationmeans the well-known transfer of hydrogen to unsaturated carbon-carbonbond in suitable solvents such as lower alcohols, ethers and estersthrough the action of a hydrogen atmosphere and use of transition metalsas catalyst. These and further modifications of carbon multiple bondingsuch as hydroboration, oxymercuration and epoxidation are described indetail for example in Organikum, Wiley-VCH, 22nd edition, pages 288 etseq. Dihydroxylation of a double bond can be carried out for example bya Sharpless dihydroxylation with conversion of a carbon multiple bondinto 1,2-diols using an osmium catalyst, a stoichiometric oxidizingagent such as K₃Fe(CN)₆ in a buffer, where appropriate with the additionof chiral ligands or premade mixtures such as AD—Mix in suitablesolvents. Cyclopropanations are carried out on carbon multiple bonds byemploying carbene sources in inert solvents such as ethers, for exampleby the method of Simmons-Smith (dihalomethane and zinc/copper couple) orFurukawa (dihalomethane and diethylzinc) as described for example in J.Am. Chem. Soc., 1958, 80, 5323-5324; difluorocyclopropanations can becarried out as described in J. Fluorine Chem. 2004, 125, 459, forexample by heating with trimethylsilyl fluorosulfonyldifluoroacetate andcatalytic amounts of fluoride without diluent or in inert high-boilingsolvents.

Amino acid derivatives having a sulfone group in the side chain can beobtained for example by oxidizing the corresponding cysteine derivativesor other sulfur-containing side chains in inert solvents with oxidizingagents such as, for example, oxone or m-chloroperbenzoic acid.

Amino acid derivatives having a Het-alkylidene radical in the side chainare either commercially available or can be obtained by alkylation asshown in the following scheme under conditions as described above forthe allylation,

where FG is a suitable leaving group such as halogen or sulfonic esterand PG is a suitable protective group. The enantiomers of these aminoacids can be obtained for example by chiral chromatography.Alternatively, the derivatives can be obtained by condensation of theheterocyclic aldehydes with amino acids or aminomalonic acidderivatives, where appropriate with the addition of mineral acids ororganic acid catalysts or dehydrating agents such as orthoformic estersor inorganic sulfates and subsequent hydrogenation, where appropriatewith chiral hydrogenation catalysts

where PG is a suitable protective group.

A compound of the formula I prepared by these processes, or a suitableprecursor of the formula I which occurs in enantiomeric form owing toits chemical structure, can be fractionated by salt formation withenantiopure acids or bases, chromatography on chiral stationary phasesor derivatization by means of chiral enantiopure compounds such as aminoacids, separation of the diastereomers obtained in this way, andelimination of the chiral auxiliary groups into the pure enantiomers(process b), or the compound of the formula I prepared as in Scheme 1 or3 can either be isolated in free form or be converted intophysiologically tolerated salts in the case where acidic or basic groupsare present (process d).

In process step h), the compound of the formula I, if it occurs asmixture of diastereomers or enantiomers, or results as mixtures thereofin the chosen synthesis, is separated into the pure stereoisomers,either by chromatography on an optionally chiral support material or, ifthe racemic compound of the formula I is able to form salts, byfractional crystallization of the diastereomeric salts formed with anoptically active base or acid as auxiliary. Examples of suitable chiralstationary phases for thin-layer or column chromatographic separation ofenantiomers are modified silica gel supports (called Pirkle phases) andhigh molecular weight carbohydrates such as triacetylcellulose. Foranalytical purposes it is also possible to use gas chromatographymethods, after appropriate derivatization known to the skilled worker,on chiral stationary phases. To separate enantiomers of the racemiccarboxylic acids, diastereomeric salts differing in solubility areformed with an optically active, usually commercially available basesuch as (−)-nicotine, (+)- and (−)-phenylethylamine, quinine bases,L-lysine or L- and D-arginine, the less soluble component is isolated assolid, the more soluble diastereomer is deposited from the motherliquor, and the pure enantiomers are obtained from the diastereomericsalts obtained in this way. It is possible in the same way in principleto convert the racemic compounds of the formula I comprising a basicgroup such as an amino group with optically active acids such as(+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid, D- and L-tartaric acid, D- and L-lacticacid, and (+) and (−)-mandelic acid into the pure enantiomers. Chiralcompounds comprising alcohol or amine functions can also be convertedwith appropriately activated or optionally N-protected enantiopure aminoacids into the corresponding esters or amides, or conversely chiralcarboxylic acids can be converted with carboxy-protected enantiopureamino acids into the amides, or with enantiopure hydroxy carboxylicacids such as lactic acid into the corresponding chiral esters. Thechirality of the amino acid or alcohol residue introduced in enantiopureform can then be utilized for separating the isomers by carrying out aseparation of the diastereomers now present by crystallization orchromatography on suitable stationary phases, and then eliminating theincluded chiral moiety again by suitable methods.

A further possibility with some of the compounds of the invention is toemploy diastereomerically or enantiomerically pure starting materials toprepare the framework structures. It is thus possible where appropriatealso to employ other or simplified processes for purifying the finalproducts. These starting materials have previously been preparedenantiomerically or diastereomerically pure by processes known from theliterature. This may mean in particular that either enantioselectiveprocesses are employed in the synthesis of the basic structures, or elsea separation of enantiomers (or diastereomers) is carried out at anearly stage of the synthesis and not at the stage of the final products.A simplification of these separations can likewise be achieved byproceeding in two or more stages.

Acidic or basic products of the compound of the formula I may be in theform of their salts or in free form. Pharmacologically acceptable saltsare preferred, for example alkali metal or alkaline earth metal saltssuch as hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, hemisulfates, allpossible phosphates, and salts of amino acids, natural bases orcarboxylic acids.

Physiologically tolerated salts are prepared from compounds of theformula I able to form salts, including their stereoisomeric forms, instep h) of the process in a manner known per se. The compounds of theformula I form stable alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or, whereappropriate, substituted ammonium salts with basic reagents such ashydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, alcoholates and ammonia or organicbases, for example trimethyl- or triethylamine, ethanolamine,diethanolamine or triethanolamine, trometamol or else basic amino acids,for example lysine, ornithine or arginine. If the compounds of theformula I have basic groups, it is also possible to prepare stable acidaddition salts with strong acids. Suitable for this purpose are bothinorganic and organic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric,hemisulfuric, phosphoric, methanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic,p-toluenesulfonic, 4-bromobenzenesulfonic, cyclohexylamidosulfonic,trifluoromethylsulfonic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic, acetic, oxalic,tartaric, succinic, glycerolphosphoric, lactic, malic, adipic, citric,fumaric, maleic, gluconic, glucuronic, palmitic, or trifluoroaceticacid.

The invention also relates to medicaments characterized by an effectivecontent of at least one compound of the formula I and/or of aphysiologically tolerated salt of the compound of the formula I and/oran optionally stereoisomeric form of the compound of the formula I,together with a pharmaceutically suitable and physiologically toleratedcarrier, additive and/or further active ingredients and excipients.

By reason of the pharmacological properties, the compounds of theinvention are suitable for the prophylaxis, secondary prevention andtherapy of all disorders which can be treated by inhibition of TAFIa.Thus, TAFIa inhibitors are suitable both for a prophylactic and for atherapeutic use in humans. They are suitable both for an acute treatmentand for a long-term therapy. TAFIa inhibitors can be employed inpatients suffering from impairments of wellbeing or diseases associatedwith thromboses, embolisms, hypercoagulability or fibrotic changes.These include myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and all other formsof acute coronary syndrome, stroke, peripherally vascular disorders,deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, embolic or thrombotic eventscaused by cardiac arrhythmias, cardiovascular events such as restenosisfollowing revascularization, angioplasty and similar procedures such asstent implantations and bypass operations. TAFIa inhibitors canadditionally be employed in all procedures leading to contact of theblood with foreign surfaces such as, for example, for dialysis patientsand patients with indwelling catheters. TAFIa inhibitors can be employedto reduce the risk of thrombosis after surgical procedures such asoperations on the knee and hip joints.

TAFIa inhibitors are suitable for the treatment of patients withdisseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis and other intravascularevents associated with inflammation. TAFIa inhibitors are additionallysuitable for the prophylaxis and treatment of patients withatherosclerosis, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome and the sequelaethereof. Impairments of the hemostatic system (e.g. fibrin deposits)have been implicated in mechanisms leading to tumor growth and tumormetastasis, and for inflammatory and degenerative articular disorderssuch as rheumatoid arthritis and arthrosis. TAFIa inhibitors aresuitable for slowing down or preventing such processes.

Further indications for the use of TAFIa inhibitors are fibrotic changesof the lung such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adultrespiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and of the eye such as fibrindeposits following eye operations. TAFIa inhibitors are also suitablefor the prevention and/or treatment of scarring.

The medicaments of the invention can be administered by oral,inhalational, rectal or transdermal administration or by subcutaneous,intraarticular, intraperitoneal or intravenous injection. Oraladministration is preferred. It is possible for stents and othersurfaces which come into contact with blood in the body to be coatedwith TAFIa inhibitors.

The invention also relates to a process for producing a medicament,which comprises making a suitable dosage form from at least one compoundof the formula I with a pharmaceutically suitable and physiologicallytolerated carrier and, where appropriate, further suitable activeingredients, additives or excipients.

Suitable solid or pharmaceutical formulations are, for example,granules, powder, coated tablets, tablets, (micro)capsules,suppositories, syrups, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, drops orinjectable solutions, and products with protracted release of activeingredient, in the production of which conventional aids such ascarriers, disintegrants, binders, coating agents, swelling agents,glidants or lubricants, flavorings, sweeteners and solubilizers areused. Excipients which are frequently used and which may be mentionedare magnesium carbonate, titanium dioxide, lactose, mannitol and othersugars, talc, milk protein, gelatin, starch, cellulose and itsderivatives, animal and vegetable oils such as fish liver oil,sunflower, peanut or sesame oil, polyethylene glycol and solvents suchas, for example, sterile water and monohydric or polyhydric alcoholssuch as glycerol.

The pharmaceutical products are preferably produced and administered indosage units, where each unit comprises as active ingredient aparticular dose of the compound of the invention of the formula I. Inthe case of solid dosage units such as tablets, capsules, coated tabletsor suppositories, this dose can be up to about 1000 mg, but preferablyabout 50 to 300 mg and, in the case of injection solutions in ampouleform, up to about 300 mg but preferably about 10 to 100 mg.

The daily doses indicated for the treatment of an adult patient weighingabout 70 kg are, depending on the activity of the compound of formula I,from about 2 mg to 1000 mg of active ingredient, preferably about 50 mgto 500 mg. However, in some circumstances, higher or lower daily dosesmay also be appropriate. The daily dose can be administered either by asingle administration in the form of a single dosage unit or else aplurality of smaller dosage units or by multiple administration ofdivided doses at particular intervals.

TAFIa inhibitors can be administered both as monotherapy and incombination or together with all antithrombotics (anticoagulants andplatelet aggregation inhibitors), thrombolytics (plasminogen activatorsof every type), other substances having profibrinolytic activity,antihypertensives, regulators of blood glucose, lipid-lowering agentsand antiarrhythmics.

EXAMPLES

Final products are normally determined by mass spectroscopic methods(FAB-, ESI-MS) and ¹H-NMR; the main peak or two main peaks are indicatedin each case. Temperatures are stated in degrees Celsius, RT means roomtemperature (21° C. to 24° C.). TFA means trifluoroacetic acid, THFmeans tetrahydrofuran, DMF means dimethylformamide, HATU means2-(7-aza-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1, 1,3,3-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate, HOAt means 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole.Abbreviations used are either explained or correspond to usualconventions.

Unless stated otherwise, the LC/MS analyses were carried out under thefollowing conditions:

Method A:=method column: YMC Jsphere H80 20×2 mm, packing material 4 μm,mobile phase: CH₃CN:H₂O+0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), gradient: 4:96(0 min.) to 95:5 (2.0 min.) to 95:5 (2.4 min.) to 4:96 (2.45 min.) flowrate: 1.0 ml/min., temperature: 30° C.

Method B: column: Phenomenex LunaC₁₈ 10×2.0 mm, packing material 3 μm,mobile phase: CH₃CN:H₂O+0.05% TFA, gradient: 7:93 (0 min) to 95:5 (1.2min) to 95:5 (1.4 min) to 7:93 (1.45 min), flow rate: 1.1 ml/min,temperature: 30° C.

Method C: column: WatersXBridgeC₁₈, 4.6*50 mm, 2.5 μm, gradient:H₂O+0.05% TFA:CH₃CN+0.05% TFA 95:5 (0 min) to 95:5 (0.3 min) to 5:95(3.5 min) to 5:95 (4 min), flow rate: 1.3 ml/min, temperature: 40° C.

Method D: column: Waters XBridge C₁₈ 4.6*50 mm; 2.5 μm gradient:H₂O+0.1% formic acid:CH₃CN+0.08% formic acid 97:3 (0 min) to 40:60 (3.5min) to 2:98(4 min) to 2:98(5 min) to 97:3 (5.2 min) to 97:3 (6.5 min),flow rate: 1.4 ml/min, temperature: RT.

Method E: column: YMC Jsphere 33*2 mm, 4 μm, H80, gradient: H₂O+0.05%TFA:CH₃CN+0.05% TFA 98:2 (1 min) to 5:95 (5.0 min) to 5:95 (6.25 min),flow rate: 1 ml/min, temperature: RT.

Method F: column: WatersXBridgeC₁₈, 4.6*50 mm, 2.5 μm, gradient:H₂O+0.1% formic acid:CH₃CN+0.1% formic acid 97:3 (0 min) to 40:60 (3.5min) to 2:98 (4 min) to 2:98 (5 min) to 97:3 (5.2 min) to 97:3 (6.5min), temperature: RT.

Method G: column: WatersXBridgeC₁₈, 4.6*50 mm, 2.5 μm; gradient:H₂O+0.05% TFA:CH₃CN+0.05% TFA 95:5 (0 min) to 95:5 (0.2 min) to 5:95(2.4 min) to 5:95 (3.5 min) to 95:5 (3.6 min) to 95:5 (4.5 min), flowrate: 1.7 ml/min, temperature: 50° C.

Method H: column WatersXBridgeC₁₈, 4.6*50 mm, 2.5 μm; gradient:H₂O+0.05% TFA:CH₃CN+0.05% TFA 95:5 (0 min) to 95:5 (0.2 min) to 5:95(2.4 min) to 5:95 (3.2 min) to 95:5 (3.3 min) to 95:5 (4.0 min), flowrate: 1.7 ml/min, temperature: 40° C.

Method I: column Merck Chromolith FastGrad RP-18e, 50×2 mm; gradient:H₂O+0.05% TFA:CH₃CN+0.05% TFA 98:2 (0.2 min) to 2:98 (2.4 min) to 2:98(3.2 min) to 98:2 (3.3 min) to 98:2 (4 min), flow rate: 2.0 ml/min,temperature: RT.

Method J: column: YMC Jsphere 33*2 mm, 4 μm, gradient: H₂O+0.05%TFA:CH₃CN+0.05% TFA 98:2 (1 min) to 5:95 (5.0 min) to 5:95 (6.25 min),flow rate: 1 ml/min, temperature: RT.

Method K: column YMC Jsphere 33*2 mm, 4 μm, H80, gradient: H₂O+0.05%TFA:CH₃CN+0.05% TFA 96:4 (0 min) to 5:95 (2.0 min) to 5:95 (2.4 min) to96:4 (2.45 min).

Method L: column YMC Jsphere 33*2 mm, 4 μm, gradient: CH₃OH+0.05% TFA:H₂O+0.05% TFA 2:98 (1 min) to 95:5 (5 min) to 95:5 (6.25 min), flowrate: 1 ml/min, temperature: RT.

Unless indicated otherwise, chromatographic separations were carried outon silica gel with ethyl acetate/heptane mixtures as mobile phase.Preparative separations on reversed phase (RP) silica gel (HPLC) werecarried out, unless indicated otherwise, on C₁₈-RP phases as stationaryphase and H₂O-TFA-acetonitrile mixtures as mobile phase.

Evaporation of solvents normally took place under reduced pressure in arotary evaporator at 35° C. to 45° C.

Example 1-1(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]hexanoicacid

A. (S)-3-Methyl-2-{[1-phenylmethylidene]amino}butan-1-ol

2.64 ml (2.78 g, 26.16 mmol) of benzaldehyde were added to a stirredsolution of 2.57 g (24.91 mmol) of L-valinol in 28 ml of toluene, andthe mixture was heated under reflux with a water trap for one hour.Cooling was followed by concentration and recrystallization fromheptane. The colorless solid was filtered off with suction and driedunder reduced pressure (3.74 g).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ [ppm]=8.23 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, 2H), 7.45-7.40(m, 3H), 4.49 (t, 1H), 3.68-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.48-3.40 (m, 1H), 2.96 (ddd,1H), 1.94-1.81 (m, 1H), 0.88 (s, 5H).

B. (S)-1-Allyloxymethyl-2-methylpropylamine

1.25 g (60%, 31.36 mmol) of sodium hydride were added to a solution of3.00 g (15.68 mmol) of(S)-3-methyl-2-{[1-phenylmethylidene]amino}butan-1-ol in 28 ml of dryTHF, and the mixture was stirred at RT for 45 min. Then 1.43 ml (16.46mmol) of allyl bromide were added, and the mixture was stirred furtherat RT overnight. 20 ml of methanol were added to quench, and the mixturewas acidified (pH 1) with 1N hydrochoric acid and stirred further. After3 h, the reaction mixture was washed twice with dichloromethane, and thecombined dichloromethane phases were extracted with 1N hydrochloricacid. The combined aqueous phases were basified with 1N sodium hydroxidesolution (pH 14), saturated with sodium chloride and extracted threetimes with ethyl acetate, readjusting the pH after each extraction step.The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated, and taken up once in dichloromethane and againconcentrated. 1.56 g of the title compound were obtained as a paleyellow liquid.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=0.68 min, m/z: 144.2 [MH⁺].

C. 9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethyl[(R)-1-((S)-1-allyloxymethyl-2-methylpropylcarbamoyl)-2-(4-allyloxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamate

25.74 g (58.04 mmol) of(R)-3-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)propionicacid were introduced into 400 ml of THF and, after successive additionof 8.88 g (58.04 mmol) of N-hydroxybenzotriazole and 11.98 g (58.04mmol) of N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, stirred at RT. After leaving themixture to stand overnight it was filtered and concentrated. The residuewas taken up in ethyl acetate and washed successively with saturatedsodium bicarbonate solution and dilute hydrochloric acid. The organicphase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated, and the residuewas separated by chromatography on silica gel. 13.55 g of the desiredcompound were obtained.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=1.95 min, m/z: 569.3 [MH⁺].

D. 9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethyl((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),4,14(18),15-tetraen-12-yl)carbamate

A solution of 1.25 g (2.20 mmol) of 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl[(R)-1-((S)-1-allyloxymethyl-2-methylpropylcarbamoyl)-2-(4-allyloxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamateand 0.40 g (0.659 mmol) ofdichloro(o-isopropoxyphenylmethylene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium(Hoyveda-Grubbs catalyst) in 610 ml of dichloromethane was stirred at40° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated, and theresidue was purified by chromatography on silica gel. 1.03 g of thedesired compound were obtained as a colorless solid.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=1.75 min, m/z: 541.3 [MH⁺].

E.(9S,12R)-12-Amino-9-isopropyl-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-11-one

A mixture of 6.82 g (12.62 mmol) of 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),4,14(18),15-tetraen-12-yl)-carbamate and 4.4 g of 10% Pd/C in 880 ml of methanolwas stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere at RT. After 6 h, it wasfiltered and freed of solvent. The residue was separated by preparativeHPLC. The required fractions were combined, acetonitrile was evaporatedoff, and the resulting aqueous solution was made slightly alkaline withsodium bicarbonate. The aqueous phase was extracted several times withethyl acetate, and the combined organic phases were dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated. Chromatography on silica gel withethyl acetate/methanol mixtures afforded the title compound (2.90 g).

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=1.02 min, m/z: 321.2 [MH⁺].

F. tert-Butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]hexanoate

A solution of 1.59 g (4.68 mmol) of tert-butyl(S)-2-amino-6-tert-butoxycarbonylaminohexanoate hydrochloride, 1.43 ml(1.04 g, 10.30 mmol) of triethylamine and 0.76 g (4.68 mmol) ofcarbonyldiimidazole in 25 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF) was stirred atRT for 1 h and then a solution of 1.5 g in 20 ml of DMF was added. Themixture was stirred at RT and left to stand overnight. Evaporation ofthe solvent was followed by partition between ethyl acetate and water,and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated. The residue was separated by preparative HPLC, and therequired fractions were combined and freed of acetonitrile. Sodiumbicarbonate was used to make slightly alkaline, and the mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were driedover sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. 0.73 g of the titlecompound was obtained.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=1.68 min, m/z: 649.4 [MH⁺].

G.(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]hexanoic acid

0.71 g (1.10 mmol) of tert-butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]hexanoate was dissolved in 11 ml ofdichloromethane, and the same volume of trifluoroacetic acid was added.Stirring at RT for 4 h was followed by concentration and fractionationof the residue by preparative HPLC. The required fractions were combinedand, after evaporation of acetonitrile, mixed with dilute hydrochloricacid, concentrated further and finally freeze dried. 0.42 g of the titlecompound was obtained as hydrochloride.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ [ppm]=7.79 (3H, s, br), 7.22 (1H, d),6.99-6.90 (m, 3H), 6.87 (d, 1H), 6.29 (d, 1H), 5.79 (d, 1H), 4.32-4.17(m, 3H), 4.10 (dd, 1H), 3.29-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.12 (dd, 1H), 2.96-2.87 (m,2H), 2.83-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.65 (dd, 1H), 1.78-1.2 (m, 11H), 0.72 (d, 3H),0.67 (d, 2H);

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=0.94 min, m/z: 493.4 [MH⁺].

The following examples were obtained in an analogous manner by employingthe appropriate amino alcohols instead of valinol:

R_(t) m/z Example Name (min) [MH⁺] Method 1-2(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((R)-11-oxo-2,7- 0.77 451.4 A dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca- 1(17),14(18),15-trien12- yl)ureido]hexanoicacid 1-3 (S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((R)-9,9- 0.93 479.2 Adimethyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10- azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12- yl)ureido]hexanoic acid 1-4(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-11- 0.96 527.5 A oxo-9-phenyl-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca- 1(17),14(18),15-trien-12- yl)ureido]hexanoicacid 1-5 (S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9- 1.03 541.3 Abenzyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10- azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12- yl)ureido]hexanoic acid 1-6(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9- 1.02 533.3 Acyclohexyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10- azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12- yl)ureido]hexanoic acid 1-7(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9- 2.26 479.26 C ethyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca- 1(17),14(18),15-trien-12- yl)ureido]hexanoicacid 1-8 (S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9- 2.21 465.25 Cmethyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10- azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12- yl)ureido]hexanoic acid 1-9(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-tert- 2.39 507.33 Ebutyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10- azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12- yl)ureido]hexanoic acid  1-10(S)-6-Amino-2-{3-[(9S,12R)-9- 2.41 507.24 C((S)-sec-butyl)-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa- 10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12- yl]ureido}hexanoic acid

Example 2-1(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((13S,16R)-13-isopropyl-15-oxo-2,11-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[16.2.2]docosa-1(21),18(22), 19-trien-16-yl)ureido]hexanoic acid A.(R)-1-(2-Hept-6-enyloxyethyl)-2-methylpropylamine

A solution of 3.00 g (15.68 mmol) of(S)-3-methyl-2-{[1-phenylmethylidene]amino}butan-1-ol (1-1A) wasprepared in 28 ml of dry THF under argon, 1.50 g (60%, 37.51 mmol) ofsodium hydride were added, and the mixture was stirred for 45 min.Addition of 2.83 g (15.68 mmol) of 7-bromohept-1-ene was followed bystirring further overnight, cautious quenching with 20 ml of methanol,subsequent addition of 300 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid (pH=1) andstirring at 40° C. for 2 h. The mixture was washed with dichloromethane,and the aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 14 with 1N sodium hydroxidesolution and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combinedorganic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated. 0.91 g of the crude product was obtained. The crudeproduct was reacted further without further purification.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.72 min, m/z: 200.2 [MH⁺].

B. 9H-Fluoren-9-yl-methyl[(R)-2-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-1-((S)-1-hept-6-enyloxymethyl-2-methylpropylcarbamoyl)ethyl]carbamate

A solution of 2.02 g (4.57 mmol) ofN-α-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-O-allyl-D-tyrosine in 46 ml of DMFwas mixed with 0.77 g (5.02 mmol) of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and 1.04 g(5.02 mmol) of N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and stirred at RT for 2 h.Then 0.91 g (4.57 mmol) of(R)-1-(2-hept-6-enyloxyethyl)-2-methylpropylamine was added, and themixture was stirred further at RT and left to stand overnight. Theprecipitate was then filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated, theresidue was taken up in ethyl acetate and washed successively withsaturated sodium bicarbonate solution and dilute hydrochloric acid, andthe organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated. The residue was separated by preparative HPLC, and therequired fractions were combined, freed of acetonitrile and extractedwith ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated. 1.02 g of the title compound were obtained(method D): R_(t)=5.49 min, m/z: 669 [M-H+HCOOH-].

C. 9H-Fluoren-9-yl-methyl((13S,16R)-13-isopropyl-15-oxo-2,11-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[16.2.2]docosa-1(21),4,18(22),19-tetraen-16-yl)carbamate

A solution of 1.01 g (1.61 mmol) of 9H-fluoren-9-yl-methyl[(R)-2-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-1-((S)-1-hept-6-enyloxymethyl-2-methylpropylcarbamoyl)ethyl]carbamateand 0.15 g (0.24 mmol) ofdichloro(o-isopropoxyphenylmethylene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium(Hoyveda-Grubbs catalyst) in 460 ml of dichloromethane was stirred at40° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated, and theresidue was purified by chromatography on silica gel. 0.87 g of thedesired compound was obtained as a colorless solid.

LC/MS (method C): R_(t)=4.30 min, m/z: 597.39 [MH⁺].

D.(13S,16R)-16-Amino-13-isopropyl-2,11-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[16.2.2]docosa-1(21),18(22),19-trien-15-one

A mixture of 0.87 (1.46 mmol) of 9H-fluoren-9-yl-methyl((13S,16R)-13-isopropyl-15-oxo-2,11-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[16.2.2]docosa-1(21),4,18(22),19-tetraen-16-yl)-carbamate and 0.16 g of 10% Pd/C in 100 ml of methanolwas stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere at RT. After stirring overnightand addition of 0.5 ml of piperidine, stirring was continued for 2 h,and the mixture was filtered and freed of solvent. The residue wasseparated by preparative HPLC. The required fractions were combined andfreeze dried. 0.18 g of the title compound was obtained astrifluoroacetate.

LC/MS (method C): R_(t)=3.07 min, m/z: 377.22 [MH⁺].

E.(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((13S,16R)-13-isopropyl-15-oxo-2,11-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[16.2.2]docosa-1(21),18(22),19-trien-16-yl)ureido]hexanoic acid

A solution of 0.18 g (0.37 mmol) of(13S,16R)-16-amino-13-isopropyl-2,11-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[16.2.2]docosa-1(21),18(22), 19-trien-15-one in 3.8 ml of DMF was added to 60 mg (0.37 mmol)of 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole and, after addition of 0.2 ml (0.15 g, 1.47mmol) of triethylamine, stirred under argon. After 10 min, 124 mg (0.37mmol) of tert-butyl (S)-2-amino-6-tert-butoxycarbonylaminohexanoatehydrochloride were added, and the mixture was stirred for 3 h. It wasconcentrated and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, and theorganic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.The residue was purified by preparative HPLC. The required fractionswere combined and concentrated. The residue was taken up in 20 ml ofdichloromethane/TFA (1:1, v/v) and left to stand for 2 h. The mixturewas concentrated, dissolved in 1N hydrochloric acid with a littleacetonitrile and freeze dried. An amorphous solid (0.12 g) was obtainedas hydrochloride.

LC/MS (method C): R_(t)=2.88 min, m/z: 549.21 [MH⁺].

Example 3-1(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((E)-(9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),4,14(18),15-tetraen-12-yl)ureido]hexanoic acid

The title compound was obtained in analogy to Example 1-1 with omissionof the hydrogenation step and without final freeze drying withhydrochloric acid directly as trifluoroacetate.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=0.89 min, m/z: 491.2 [MH⁺].

Example 4-1(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((3S,6R)-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1-oxa-4-azacyclotetradec-6-yl)ureido]hexanoicacid

The title compound was obtained in analogy to Example 2-1 usingFmoc-D-allylglycine instead of Fmoc-D-O-allyltyrosine.

LC/MS (method C): R_(t)=2.35 min, m/z: 443.34 [MH⁺].

The following were obtained in the same way using other amino alcoholsand, where appropriate, using or introducing an ester protective group:

R_(t) m/z Example Name (min) [MH⁺] Method 4-2(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3- 2.52 478.27 H((3S,6R)-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1- oxa-4-azacyclotetradec-6-yl)ureido]propionic acid 4-3 (S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3- 1.66450.26 G ((3S,6R)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-oxa-4- azacyclotetradec-6-yl)ureido]propionic acid 4-4 Ethyl (S)-3-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)- 0.66506.4 B 2-[3-((3S,6R)-3-isopropyl-5-oxo- 1-oxa-4-azacyclotetradec-6-yl)ureido]propionate 4-5 Ethyl (S)-3-(6-amino-pyridin-3-yl)- 1.81 478.37G 2-[3-((3S,6R)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1- oxa-4-azacyclotetradec-6-yl)ureido]propionate

Example 5-1(R)-3-(2-Aminoethanesulfonyl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionic acid

A. Benzyl(R)-3-(2-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethylsulfanyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropionate

A solution of 2.30 g (5.77 mmol) of(R)-3-(2-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethylsulfanyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropionicacid, 0.60 ml (0.62 g, 5.77 mmol) of benzyl alcohol, 0.07 g (0.58 mmol)of 4-dimethylaminopyridine and 1.33 g (6.93 mmol) ofN-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride in 30 ml ofdichloromethane was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture waswashed successively with 1N hydrochloric acid, 1N sodium bicarbonatesolution and with water. After drying over sodium sulfate, filtering andconcentrating, the residue was chromatographed on silica gel. 2.09 g ofthe title compound were obtained as a colorless oil.

LC/MS (method C): R_(t)=3.63 min, m/z: 389.17 [M-Boc+H⁺].

B. Benzyl(R)-2-amino-3-(2-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethylsulfanyl)propionate

A solution of 0.50 g (1.023 mmol) of benzyl(R)-3-(2-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethylsulfanyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropionatein 5 ml of dichloromethane was mixed with the same volume oftrifluoroacetic acid and left to stand at RT for 1 h. It was thenconcentrated and directly reacted further.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=1.06 min, m/z: 389.1 [MH⁺].

C. Benzyl(R)-3-(2-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethylsulfanyl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionate

A solution of 166 mg (1.02 mmol) of 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole in 8 ml ofDMF was mixed with 515 mg (1.02 mmol) of the trifluoroacetate from stepB and 0.57 ml (415 mg, 4.10 mmol) of triethylamine. A solution of 328 mg(1.02 mmol) of(9S,12R)-12-amino-9-isopropyl-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-11-one(1-1E) in 8 ml of DMF was added to this mixture under argon, and themixture was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture was thenconcentrated and separated by preparative HPLC. The required fractionswere combined and freed of acetonitrile. The resulting aqueous solutionwas extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was dried oversodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. 222 mg of the title compoundwere obtained.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=1.72 min, m/z: 735.3 [MH⁺].

D. Benzyl(R)-3-(2-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethanesulfonyl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionate

A mixture of 222 mg (0.30 mmol) of benzyl(R)-3-(2-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethylsulfanyl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionate in 5 ml of methanol and 5 ml of waterwas cooled to 0 C and 742 mg (1.21 mmol) of Oxone were added inportions. After 2 h, the mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, and theorganic phase is separated off and extracted twice more with ethylacetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated. 198 mg were obtained and were reacted furtherwithout further purification.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=1.54 min, m/z: 767.3 [MH⁺].

E.(R)-3-(2-Aminoethanesulfonyl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionic acid

83 mg of 5% palladium/C were added to a solution of 198 mg (0.26 mmol)of benzyl(R)-3-(2-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethanesulfonyl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionate in 10 ml of methanol, and the mixturewas hydrogenated under a hydrogen atmosphere (balloon pressure). Afterleaving to stand for 2 days, the mixture was filtered, concentrated andpurified by preparative HPLC. The required fractions were combined andfreeze dried after addition of 1N hydrochloric acid. 23 mg of the titlecompound were obtained as hydrochloride.

LC/MS (method C): R_(t)=2.35 min, m/z: 543.26 [MH⁺].

Example 5-2(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionic acid

A. tert-Butyl2-(benzhydrylideneamino)-3-(6-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopyridin-3-yl)propionate

84.64 ml (84.64 mmol) of a 1M solution of lithiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide in THF were added dropwise to a solution of25.00 g (84.64 mmol) of N-(diphenylmethylene)glycine tert-butyl ester in185 ml of THF under argon at 0° C. After stirring at this temperaturefor 15 min, 24.31 g (84.64 mmol) of tert-butyl(5-bromomethylpyridin-2-yl)carbamate were added as solid, and stirringwas continued for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cautiously diluted withwater and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried oversodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. 44.08 g of the crude productwere obtained and were reacted further without further purification.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=1.68 min, m/z: 502.2 [MH⁺].

B. tert-Butyl(S)-2-amino-3-(6-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopyridin-3-yl)propionate

After addition of 4.14 g of 10% palladium/carbon to a solution of 19.50g (38.87 mmol) of the crude product from step A in 1.8 I of methanol itwas hydrogenated under autogenous pressure. After the reaction wascomplete, the mixture was filtered and concentrated. The crude mixturewas taken up in heptane and mixed with 45 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid and90 ml of water, and the aqueous phase was added to 90 ml of 1N sodiumhydroxide solution and extracted four times with ethyl acetate. Thecombined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated. The racemate was separated by chiral chromatography.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=0.89 min, m/z: 338.1 [MH⁺]. Chiralchromatography (Chiralpak AD-H/44, 250×4.6 mm, ethanol:methanol 1:1+0.1%diethylamine, 40 min): R_(t)=17.48 min.

C. tert-Butyl(S)-3-(6-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionate

112 mg (0.69 mmol) of 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole were added to a mixtureof 234 mg (0.69 mmol) of tert-butyl(S)-2-amino-3-(6-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopyridin-3-yl)-propionate and106 μl (77 mg, 0.76 mmol) of triethylamine in 2.5 ml of DMF. Thesolution was stirred at RT for 1 h, before a solution of 222 mg (0.69mmol) of(9S,12R)-12-amino-9-isopropyl-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-11-one(1-1E) in 2.5 ml of DMF was added. The mixture was left to standovernight and then concentrated and partitioned between water and ethylacetate. The organic phase was separated off, dried over sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC.The required fractions were combined, freed of acetonitrile, madeslightly alkaline with sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethylacetate. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=1.47 min, m/z: 684.3 [MH⁺].

D.(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionic acid

160 mg (0.23 mmol) of tert-butyl(S)-3-(6-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionatewere dissolved in 6 ml of dichloromethane and, after addition of thesame volume of TFA, stirred at RT. After 5 h, the mixture wasconcentrated and purified by preparative HPLC. The required fractionswere combined, freed of acetonitrile, mixed with 1N hydrochloric acid,concentrated further and finally freeze dried. 108 mg of the titlecompound were obtained as hydrochloride.

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=0.92 min, m/z: 528.3 [MH⁺].

Example 5-3(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-cyclopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionic acid

The title compound was prepared in analogy to Example 5-2 from(S)-2-amino-2-cyclopropylethanol (U.S. Pat. No. 6,191,306) instead of1-1E using(9S,12R)-12-amino-9-cyclopropyl-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-11-one.

LC/MS (method J): R_(t)=2.39 min, m/z: 526.41 [MH⁺].

Example 5-4(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]-6-methylheptanoic acid

The title compound is obtained in analogy to Example 5-2 by using ethyl(S)-2,6-diamino-6-methylheptanoate hydrochloride with the addition oftriethylamine as auxiliary base.

LC/MS (method C): R_(t)=2.34 min, m/z: 521.26 [MH⁺].

Example 5-5 Ethyl(S)-3-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1-(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionate

The title compound is obtained in analogy to Example 5-2 by usingN-(diphenylmethylene)glycine ethyl ester instead ofN-(diphenylmethylene)glycine tert-butyl ester.

LC/MS (method C): R_(t)=2.53 min, m/z: 556.2 [MH⁺].

The following compound was prepared in an analogous manner:

Example 5-6(S)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-Isoproyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicylo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]-3-piperidin-3-ylpropionic acid

LC/MS (method I): R_(t)=1.20 min, m/z: 519.38 [MH⁺].

Example 5-7(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-methyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionic acid

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.54 min, m/z: 500.3 [MH⁺].

Example 6-1(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-10-oxo-6-oxa-1,9,14-triazabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-13(16),14-dien-11-yl)ureido]propionicacid A.(R)-3-(1-Allyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionic acid

3.53 ml (4.24 g, 24.84 mmol) of benzyl chloroformate were added to asolution of 4.85 g (24.84 mmol) of(R)-3-(1-allyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-aminopropionic acid (as described forthe (S)-enantiomer in Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2006, 14, 5981-5988) in 13 mlof 2N sodium hydroxide solution while stirring at 0° C., and stirringwas continued at this temperature with addition of a further 13 ml of 2Nsodium hydroxide solution for 2 h, and the mixture was them warmed toRT. The reaction mixture was covered with a layer of ethyl acetate, andthe pH was adjusted to 3 to 4 with 6N hydrochloric acid. The organicphase was separated off, and the aqueous phase was washed again withethyl acetate and then freeze dried. The residue was mixed with THF andDMF until stirrable and was thoroughly stirred, and the suspension wasfiltered. The resulting solution was concentrated and reacted withoutfurther purification in the next step.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.52 min, m/z: 330.2 [MH⁺].

B. Benzyl[(R)-2-(1-allyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-((S)-1-allyloxymethyl-2-methylpropylcarbamoyl)ethyl]carbamate

A solution of the material from step A in 180 ml of DMF was mixed with4.18 g (27.32 mmol) of N-hydroxybenzotriazole and 5.64 g (27.32 mmol) ofN,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and stirred at RT for 2 h. Addition of3.56 g (24.84 mmol) of (S)-1-allyloxymethyl-2-methylpropylamine (1-1B)was followed by stirring at RT for a further 24 h and thenconcentration, and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate andsaturated NaHCO₃ solution. The organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC.After washing with saturated NaHCO₃ solution, 5.02 g of the titlecompound are obtained.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.75 min, m/z: 454.9 [MH⁺].

C. Benzyl((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-10-oxo-6-oxa-1,9,14-triazabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-3,13(16),14-trien-11-yl)carbamate

A solution of 0.735 g (1.62 mmol) of benzyl[(R)-2-(1-allyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-((S)-1-allyloxymethyl-2-methylpropylcarbamoyl)ethyl]carbamatein 370 ml of dichloromethane was mixed with 0.210 g (0.24 mmol) ofbenzylidene[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene]dichloro(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium(Grubbs II catalyst) and stirred at RT. The mixture was stirred at RTfor several days with repeated addition of Grubbs II catalyst untilstarting material was no longer present (LC/MS). The mixture wasconcentrated and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel(dichloromethane/methanol 99:1->9:1). 0.506 g of the title compound wasobtained.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.64 min, m/z: 427.3 [MH⁺].

D.(8S,11R)-11-Amino-8-isopropyl-6-oxa-1,9,14-triazabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-13(16),14-dien-10-one

A solution of 0.49 g (1.14 mmol) of benzyl((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-10-oxo-6-oxa-1,9,14-triazabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-3,13(16),14-trien-11-yl)carbamatefrom step C in 80 ml of methanol was hydrogenated over 0.12 g ofpalladium on carbon (10%) under a hydrogen atmosphere under autogenouspressure at RT. After the starting material had completely reacted, themixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified bypreparative HPLC. 0.06 g of the title compound was obtained.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.22 min, m/z: 295 [MH⁺].

E. tert-Butyl(S)-3-(6-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-10-oxo-6-oxa-1,9,14-triazabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-13(16),14-dien-11-yl)ureido]propionate

A solution of 56 mg (190 μmol) of(8S,11R)-11-amino-8-isopropyl-6-oxa-1,9,14-triazabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-13(16),14-dien-10-onefrom step D in 5 ml of DMF was cooled to 0° C. and, while stirring, 32mg (194 μmol) of 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole were added. The mixture wasstirred for 30 min, and then 64 mg (190 μmol) of tert-butyl(S)-2-amino-3-(6-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopyridin-3-yl)propionate wereadded, and the mixture was warmed to RT. After standing overnight, thesame amount of 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole was again added, and the mixturewas stirred for a further 24 h. It was then concentrated and purified bypreparative HPLC. 27 mg of the desired compound were obtained.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.58 min, m/z: 658.9 [MH⁺].

F.(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-10-oxo-6-oxa-1,9,14-triazabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-13(16),14-dien-11-yl)ureido]propionicacid

A solution of 27 mg (41 μmol) in 6 ml of TFA/dichloromethane (1:1, v/v)was stirred at RT for 4 h. It was then concentrated and taken up in 1Nhydrochloric acid and subsequently freeze dried. 20 mg of the titlecompound were obtained as hydrochloride.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.36 min, m/z: 502.9 [MH⁺].

Example 6-2(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((3R,6S)-6-isopropyl-4-oxo-8-oxa-5-azabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-trien-3-yl)ureido]propionic acid A.(R)-3-(4-Allylphenyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropionic acid

A solution of 2.03 g (6.36 mmol) of methyl(R)-3-(4-allylphenyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropionate (prepared asin Synlett, 2005, 12, 1877-1880) in 20 ml of dioxane/water (1:1, v/v)and 0.30 g (12.71 mmol) of lithium hydroxide was stirred at RT for 2 hand then neutralized with 1N hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. 1.90 g of the title compound wereobtained.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.97 min, m/z: 206.0 [MH⁺].

The compound was employed instead of(R)-3-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)propionicacid in order to prepare Example 6-2 in analogy to Example 5-2. The Bocprotective group used instead of the Fmoc protective group waseliminated in a known manner with dichloromethane/TFA mixtures.

LC/MS (method I): R_(t)=1.29 min, m/z: 512.3 [MH⁺].

Example 6-3(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-16-fluoro-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionic acid A.(R)-3-(4-Allyloxy-3-fluorophenyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropionicacid

1.18 g (60%, 29.39 mmol) of sodium hydride were added to a solution of4.0 g (13.36 mmol) of(R)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionicacid in 23 ml of DMF while stirring at 0° C., and the mixture wasstirred at this temperature. After 15 min, 1.27 ml (1.78 g, 14.7 mmol)of allyl bromide were added, and stirring was continued for 1 h whilethe mixture reached RT. It was quenched with methanol and, aftercooling, excess methanol was removed in a rotary evaporator. Dilutionwith diethyl ether was followed by acidification with 1N hydrochloricacid, and the aqueous phase was extracted twice more with diethyl ether,and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodiumchloride solution, dried over NaSO₄, filtered and concentrated. 4.50 gof a yellowish oil were obtained.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.94 min, m/z: 239.9 [MH⁺].

The compound was employed instead of(R)-3-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)propionicacid in order to prepare Example 6-3 in analogy to Example 5-2. The Bocprotective group used instead of the Fmoc protective group waseliminated in a known manner with dichloromethane/TFA mixtures.

LC/MS (method E): R_(t)=2.40 min, m/z: 546.43 [MH⁺].

The following examples were prepared in the same manner as above using(R)-3-allyloxy-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropionic acid (prepared asdescribed analogously in JACS, 129 (22), 6986-6987, 2007) instead of(R)-3-(4-allyloxyphenyl)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)propionicacid:

R_(t) m/z Example Name (min) [MH⁺] Method 6-4(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3- 1.42 452.29 G((3S,6R)-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1,8- dioxa-4-azacyclododec-6-yl)ureido]propionic acid 6-5 Methyl (S)-3-(6-aminopyridin-3- 2.40 466.33D yl)-2-[3-((3S,6R)-3-isopropyl-5- oxo-1,8-dioxa-4-azacyclododec-6-yl)ureido]propionate 6-6 (S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((3S,6R)-3- 1.94 417.23 Cisopropyl-5-oxo-1,8-dioxa-4- azacyclododec-6-yl)ureido]- hexanoic acid

Example 6-7(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12S)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo-[12.2.2]octadec-12-yl)ureido]hexanoicacid A. (S)-2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propionicacid

0.74 g (7.17 mmol) of rhodium was added to a solution of 7.00 g (24.88mmol) of (S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionicacid in 50 ml of methanol, and hydrogenation was carried out at 50 C/6bar pressure of hydrogen. After conversion was complete, the catalystwas filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated. The product was pureenough for further reactions.

LC/MS (method K): R_(t)=1.00 min, m/z: 188.2 [MH⁺].

B. (S)-3-(4-Allyloxycyclohexyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropionic acidC. solution of 5.42 g (18.86 mmol) of(S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-(4-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)propionic acid

In 20 ml of DMF was added dropwise over the course of 30 min to asuspension of 1.89 g (47.14 mmol) of 60% sodium hydride in 20 ml of DMFat 0° C. Then 2.28 g (18.86 mmol) of allyl bromide were added, and themixture was warmed to RT and then stirred for 3 h. It was cautiouslyquenched with water and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in waterand washed with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 2with 6M HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase wasdried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The title compoundobtained in this way was reacted further without further purification.

LC/MS (method K): R_(t)=1.46 min, m/z: 228.1 [MH⁺-Boc].

The further reactions to give Example 6-7 were carried out as describedabove by employing B. instead of D-Boc-O-allyltyrosine.

LC/MS (method F): R_(t)=2.8 min, m/z: 499.55 [MH⁺].

Example 7-1(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-3,10-dioxo-6-oxa-2,9-diazabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-trien-11-yl)ureido]hexanoicacid

A. Ethyl 3-((S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-methylbutoxy)propionate

About 200 mg of sodium were added to a solution of 3.00 g (14.76 mmol)of Boc-L-valinol in 20 ml of absol. THF under argon. After 2 h, thesolution was transferred by needle into an argon-flushed flask—leavingundissolved sodium behind. 2.25 ml (2.22 g, 22.14 mmol) of ethylacrylate were added to the solution, and the mixture was stirred at roomtemp. for 2 h. 6 drops of glacial acetic acid were added to the reactionmixture, which was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residueobtained in this way (4.45 g of colorless oil) was employed crude in thenext stage.

B. Ethyl 3-((S)-2-amino-3-methylbutoxy)propionate

The crude product (˜4.45 g) obtained in 7-1 A was dissolved in a mixtureof 10 ml of CH₂Cl₂ and 10 ml of TFA and stirred at room temp. for 2 h.After the reaction was complete, the mixture was concentrated in vacuoand codistilled with toluene several times. The crude product obtainedin this way was purified by preparative HPLC(acetonitrile/water+addition of 0.5% TFA). 370 mg of ethyl3-((S)-2-amino-3-methyl-butoxy)propionate were obtained in this way astrifluoroacetate in the form of a colorless oil (yield˜8%).

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.52 min, m/z: 204.3 [MH⁺].

C. Ethyl3-((S)-2-{(R)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-[4-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy-carbonylamino)phenyl]propionylamino}-3-methylbutoxy)propionate

158.7 mg (1.17 mmol) of HOAt, 0.6 ml (3.5 mmol) ofN,N-diisopropylethylamine and 443.3 mg (1.17 mmol) of HATU weresuccessively added to a mixture of 586.0 mg (1.17 mmol) ofR)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-[4-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]propionicacid and 370.0 mg (1.17 mmol) of ethyl3-((S)-2-amino-3-methylbutoxy)propionate in 10 ml of DMF, and themixture was stirred at room temp. for 2 h. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo. The remaining residue was taken up indichloromethane, washed with sat. NaHCO₃ solution, dried and freed ofsolvent under reduced pressure. The crude product obtained in this waywas purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (heptane/ethylacetate 1:1). 355.0 mg of pure ethyl3-((S)-2-{(R)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-[4-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy-carbonylamino)phenyl]propionylamino}-3-methylbutoxy)propionateare obtained in this way (yield 44%).

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=1.23 min, m/z: 588.3 [M-Boc+H+].

D.3-{(S)-2-[(R)-3-(4-Aminophenyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropionylamino]-3-methylbutoxy}propionicacid

355.0 mg (0.52 mmol) of ethyl3-((S)-2-{(R)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-[4-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]propionylamino}-3-methylbutoxy)propionatewere dissolved in a mixture of 9 ml of THF and 3 ml of MeOH. 1.29 ml(1.29 mmol) of an aqueous 1M LiOH solution were added, and the resultingreaction mixture was stirred at room temp. for 1 h. After the reactionwas complete, the mixture was neutralized by adding a little aqueous 1NHCl solution, concentrated under reduced pressure and codistilled withtoluene. The product obtained in this way (225.0 mg) was employed crudein the next reaction.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.63 min, m/z: 438.3 [MH⁺].

E. tert-Butyl((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-3,10-dioxo-6-oxa-2,9-diazabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-trien-11-yl)carbamate

The3-{(S)-2-[(R)-3-(4-aminophenyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropionylamino]-3-methylbutoxy}propionicacid (˜225 mg) obtained as crude product in 7-1 D was dissolved in 225ml of DMF. 70.0 mg (0.51 mmol) of HOAt, 0.26 ml (1.5 mmol) ofN,N-diisopropylethylamine and 195.4 mg (0.51 mmol) of HATU weresuccessively added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred at roomtemp. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue obtained in this way was taken up in CH₂Cl₂, washed with sat.NaHCO₃ solution, dried over MgSO₄ and freed of solvent in vacuo. Thering-closed compound obtained in this way was employed crude in the nextstage. Yield: 215.0 mg.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.76 min, m/z: 364.3 [M-tBu+H⁺].

F.(8S,11R)-11-Amino-8-isopropyl-6-oxa-2,9-diazabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-triene-3,10-dione

The crude product (˜215 mg) obtained in 7-1 E was stirred in a mixtureof 4.75 ml of TFA, 0.13 ml of water and 0.13 ml of triisopropylsilane atroom temp. for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo and codistilled with toluene several times. Thecrude product obtained in this way was purified by preparative HPLC(acetonitrile/water+addition of 0.1% TFA). 80 mg of(8S,11R)-11-amino-8-isopropyl-6-oxa-2,9-diazabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-triene-3,10-dionewere obtained in this way as trifluoroacetate in the form of a colorlessamorphous material.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.44 min, m/z: 321.3 [MH⁺].

G. tert-Butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[3-((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-3,10-dioxo-6-oxa-2,9-diazabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-trien-11-yl)ureido]hexanoate

81.9 mg (0.41 mmol) of 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate were dissolved in 3ml of CH₂Cl₂. While cooling in an ice bath, a solution of 80 mg (0.19mmol) of the(8S,11R)-11-amino-8-isopropyl-6-oxa-2,9-diazabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-triene-3,10-dioneobtained in 7-1 F and 69 μl (0.41 mmol) of N,N-diisopropylethylamine in3 ml of CH₂Cl₂ were added. The mixture was then stirred at room temp.for 3 h. The reaction mixture was washed with sat. NaHCO₃ solution,water and saturated NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated invacuo. The residue obtained in this way was dissolved in 3 ml of DMF andmixed with a solution of 68.8 mg (0.2 mmol) of H-Lys(Boc)-OtBuhydrochloride and 65.9 μl (0.39 mmol) of N,N-diisopropylethylamine in 3ml of DMF. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temp. overnight andthen concentrated in vacuo. The crude product obtained in this way waspurified by flash chromatography on silica gel (heptane/ethyl acetate1:1). Yield: 20 mg of tert-butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[3-((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-3,10-dioxo-6-oxa-2,9-diazabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-trien-11-yl)ureido]hexanoate.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.91 min, m/z: 648.5 [MH⁺].

H.(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-3,10-dioxo-6-oxa-2,9-diazabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-trien-11-yl)ureido]hexanoic acid

20.0 mg (0.03 mmol) of tert-butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[3-((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-3,10-dioxo-6-oxa-2,9-diazabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-trien-11-yl)ureido]hexanoate were stirred in a mixture of0.95 ml of TFA, 25 μl of water and 25 μl of triisopropylsilane at roomtemp. for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo and codistilled with toluene several times. Thecrude product obtained in this way was purified by preparative HPLC(acetonitrile/water+addition of 0.1% TFA). 5 mg of the title compoundwere obtained in this way as trifluoroacetate in the form of a colorlessamorphous material.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.47 min, m/z: 492.3 [MH⁺].

The following examples were prepared in an analogous manner:

Example 7-2(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((8S,11R)-8-methyl-3,10-dioxo-6-oxa-2,9-diazabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-trien-11-yl)ureido]propionic acid

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.28 min, m/z: 499.25 [MH⁺]

Example 7-3 (S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((3S,6R)-3-isopropyl-5,9-dioxo-1-oxa-4,10-diazacyclotridec-6-yl)ureido]propionic acid

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.42 min, m/z: 479.33 [MH⁺].

Example 7-4(S)-3-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-2,10-dioxo-6-oxa-3,9-diazabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17),14-trien-11-yl)ureido]propionic acid

LC/MS (method A): R_(t)=0.82 min, m/z: 527.20 [MH⁺].

Example 8-1(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-4,5-dihydroxy-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]hexanoicacid

A.(9S,12R)-12-Amino-9-isopropyl-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),4,14(18),15-tetraen-11-one

A solution of 3.66 g (6.78 mmol) of 9H-fluoren-9-yl methyl((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),4,14(18),15-tetraen-12-yl)carbamate (1-1D) in 300 ml of dichloromethane was mixedwith 75 ml of diethylamine and stirred at RT for 5 h. The mixture wasconcentrated and purified by preparative HPLC. Acetonitrile was removedfrom the combined product fractions in a rotary evaporator, saturatedNaHCO₃ solution was added, and the mixture was extracted twice withethyl acetate, saturated with sodium chloride and again extracted withethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate phases were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated. The resulting substance was pure enough forfurther reactions.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.58 min, m/z: 319.2 [MH⁺].

B. tert-Butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),4,14(18),15-tetraen-12-yl)ureido]hexanoate

The reaction took place as described in 1-1F. 1.13 g of the titlecompound were obtained.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=1.00 min, m/z: 647.3 [MH⁺].

C. tert-Butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-4,5-dihydroxy-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]hexanoate

8 mg (9.7 μmol) of (DHQ)2PHAL (hydroquinine 1,4-phthalazinediyl diether)were added to a mixture of 541 mg (387 mmol) of AD-Mix-alpha and 3 mg(7.7 μmol) of potassium osmate in tert-butanol/water (1:1, v/v). After aclear solution had formed, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., 41mg (425 μmol) of methanesulfonamide were added, and the mixture wasstirred at this temperature for 15 min. Then 250 mg (387 μmol) oftert-butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),4,14(18),15-tetraen-12-yl)ureido]hexanoate (step B) were added, and the mixturewas warmed to RT and left to stand over the weekend. 195 mg (1.55 mmol)of sodium sulfite were then added, and the mixture was stirred at RT for1 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and theorganic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in arotary evaporator. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC. 164 mgof the title compound were obtained.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.84 min, m/z: 681.3 [MH⁺].

D.(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-4,5-dihydroxy-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]hexanoic acid

The protective groups were eliminated as described above in aTFA/dichloromethane mixture. A mixture of the diastereomers wasobtained.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.42 min (double peak), m/z: 525.3 [MH⁺].

Example 8-2(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-5-hydroxy-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]hexanoic acid and(S)-6-amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-4-hydroxy-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]hexanoic acid A. tert-Butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-5-hydroxy-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]-hexanoate

1.55 ml (773 μmol) (0.5M in THF) of 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane wereadded to a solution of 50 mg (77 μmol) of tert-butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),4,14(18),15-tetraen-12-yl)ureido]hexanoate(8-1B) in 1.5 ml of THF, and the mixture was stirred at RT overnight.Addition of 250 μl (1.49 mmol) of 6N sodium hydroxide solution and 207μl (1.83 mmol) of hydrogen peroxide was followed by extraction withdichloromethane. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodiumchloride solution, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by preparative HPLC.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.86 min, m/z: 665.5 [MH⁺].

B.(S)-6-Amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-5-hydroxy-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]hexanoic acid and(S)-6-amino-2-[3-((9S,12R)-4-hydroxy-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]henanoic acid

The protective groups were eliminated as described above in aTFA/dichloromethane mixture and subsequent stirring in 1 N HCl.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=0.48 min, m/z: 509.2 [MH⁺].

Example 8-33-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((9S,12R)-4,5-dihydroxy-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-yl)ureido]propionic acid

The title compound was obtained in analogy to the preceding examples.

LC/MS (method L): R_(t)=2.15 min, m/z: 560.26 [MH⁺].

Example 9-1(S)-6-Amino-2-[((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-ylsulfamoyl)amino]hexanoic acid A. tert-Butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-ylsulfamoyl)amino]hexanoate

A solution of 387 mg (0.858 mmol) of tert-butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-(2-oxooxazolidine-3-sulfonylamino)hexanoateand 250 mg (0.780 mmol) of(9S,12R)-12-amino-9-isopropyl-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-11-one(compound 1-1E) in 15 ml of acetonitrile was stirred at 80° C. After 1day (d), the same amount of the oxazolidine was again added, and themixture was stirred for 1 d. The reaction mixture was then concentratedand the residue was purified by prep. HPLC. Product-containing fractionswere combined, the acetonitrile was evaporated off, made slightlyalkaline with sat. NaHCO₃ solution and extracted several times withethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated. 78 mg of the title compound were obtained.

LC/MS (method B): R_(t)=1.16 min, m/z: 585.9 [MH-Boc⁺].

B. (S)-6-Amino-2-[((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-ylsulfamoyl)amino]hexanoic acid

A solution of 78 mg (0.114 mmol) of tert-butyl(S)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-[((9S,12R)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-ylsulfamoyl)amino]hexanoate in 3 ml of dichloromethane/TFA(1:1, v/v) was left to stand at RT for 2 h and then concentrated. Thecrude product was purified by prep. HPLC. The required fractions werecombined and freeze dried after addition of 1N hydrochloric acid. 34 mgof the title compound were obtained as hydrochloride. LC/MS (method F):

R_(t)=2.97 min, m/z: 529.23 [MH⁺].

Example 9-2(S)-6-Amino-2-[((9S,12S)-9-isopropyl-11-oxo-2,7-dioxa-10-azabicyclo[12.2.2]octadeca-1(17),14(18),15-trien-12-ylsulfamoyl)amino]hexanoic acid

The title compound was obtained in analogy to the preceding examples.LC/MS (method F): R_(t)=2.81 min, m/z: 529.23 [MH⁺]

Pharmacological Examples

The prepared substances were tested for TAFIa inhibition using theActichrome plasma TAFI Activity Kit from American Diagnostica (Pr. No.874). This entailed adding 28 μl of assay buffer (20 mM Hepes, 150 mMNaCl, pH 7.4) and 10 μl of TAFIa (American Diagnostica Pr. No. 874TAFIA;2.5 μg/ml) to 2 μl of 2.5 mM DMSO solution of the substance andincubating in a 96 half-well microtiter plate at room temperature for 15minutes. The enzyme reaction was started by adding 10 μl of TAFIadeveloper (prediluted 1:2 with assay buffer). The time course of thereaction was followed at 420 nm in a microtiter plate reader (SpectraMaxplus 384; Molecular Devices) for 15 minutes.

The IC₅₀ values were calculated from the averaged values (duplicatedetermination) of serial dilutions of the substance with the aid of theSoftmax Pro software (version 4.8; Molecular Devices).

Table 1 shows the results.

TABLE 1 Example IC₅₀ No. [μM] 1-1 0.006 1-2 9.044 1-3 0.269 1-4 0.0711-5 0.105 1-6 0.811 1-7 0.049 1-8 0.029 1-9 0.019 2-1 0.0088 3-1 0.00774-1 0.017 5-1 0.649 5-2 0.009 5-3 0.032 6-1 0.052 6-2 0.021 6-3 0.0126-4 0.055 6-6 0.053 7-1 0.022 7-4 0.040 8-1 0.023 8-2 0.033 8-3 0.059

1. A compound of the formula (I)

or a stereoisomer thereof or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing compounds, where X is —C(O)— or —SO₂—; U is an oxygen atom, sulfur atom, or NH; A is —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-; V is —(C₂-C₉)-alkylene-, wherein said alkylene is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by —OH, NH₂ or halogen; D is —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-; Y is 1) —(C₃-C₁₂)-cycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyl is substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R15, 2) —(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, wherein said aryl is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R15, or 3) Het, wherein Het is a 4- to 15-membered heterocyclic ring system having 4 to 15 ring atoms which are present in one, two or three ring systems which are connected together, and which comprise, depending on the ring size, one, two, three or four identical or different heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, and in which Het is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by a —(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, halogen, —NH₂, —CF₃ or —O—CF₃; R1 is 1) a hydrogen atom, 2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, 3) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-OH, 4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkyl-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl, 5) —(C₁-C₁₀)-alkyl-O—C(O)—O—R2, 6) —(CH₂)_(r)—(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, in which aryl is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R15, and r is the integer zero, 1, 2 or 3, or 7) —(CH₂)_(s)-Het, wherein Het is 4- to 15-membered heterocyclic ring system having 4 to 15 ring atoms which are present in one, two or three ring systems which are connected together, and which comprise, depending on the ring size, one, two, three or four identical or different heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, and in which Het is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R15, and s is the integer zero, 1, 2 or 3; R2 is 1) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, 2) —(CH₂)_(r)—(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, wherein said aryl is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R15, and r is the integer zero, 1, 2 or 3, or 3) —(C₀-C₄)-alkyl-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl; R3 is 1) —(C₂-C₆)-alkylene-NH₂, wherein said alkylene is unsubstituted or substituted once, twice, three or four times by halogen, 2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-O—(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂, 3) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-SO₂—(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂, 4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-Het, wherein said Het is as defined above and is substituted by —NH₂ and once, twice or three times by R15, 5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl-NH₂ or 6) —(C₀-C₆)-alkylene-cyclic amine, wherein said cyclic amine is selected from the group consisting of azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, azepinyl, morpholinyl, and thiomorpholinyl; R6 is 1) a hydrogen atom, 2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, wherein said alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R16, 3) —O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, wherein said alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R16, 4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-Het, wherein said Het is as defined above, wherein said alkylene and Het are unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R16, 5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-aryl, wherein said alkylene and aryl are unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R16, or 6) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl, wherein said alkylene and cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R16; R7 is a hydrogen atom, halogen or —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl; R8 is a hydrogen atom, halogen or —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl; R9 is a hydrogen atom, halogen or —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl; R15 is a hydrogen atom, —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, —O—CF₃, —NH₂, —OH, —CF₃ or halogen; and R16 is —O—CF₃, —NH₂, —OH, —CF₃ or halogen.
 2. (canceled)
 3. A compound of the formula (I) as claimed in claim 1, or a stereoisomer thereof or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing compounds, where X is —C(O)— or —SO₂—; U is oxygen atom, sulfur atom, or NH; A is —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-; V is —(C₂-C₈)-alkylene, D is —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-; Y is 1) —(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyl is substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R15, 2) —(C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, wherein said aryl is selected from the group of phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl or fluorenyl, and in which aryl is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R15, or 3) Het, wherein Het is selected from the group consisting of acridinyl, azepinyl, azetidinyl, aziridinyl, benzimidazalinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzo[1,3]dioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinuclidinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, deca-hydroquinolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, dihydrofuran[2,3-b]-tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, dioxolyl, dioxanyl, 2H, 6H-1,5,2-dithiazinyl, furanyl, furazanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, 1H-indazolyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, 3H-indolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isochromanyl, isoindazolyl, isoindolinyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl (benzimidazolyl), isothiazolidinyl, 2-isothiazolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isoxazolidinyl, 2-isoxazolinyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, octahydroisoquinolinyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, oxothiolanyl, pyrimidinyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pteridinyl, purynyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyroazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pryidooxazolyl, pyridoimidazolyl, pyridothiazolyl, pyridothiophenyl, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, 6H-1,2,5-thiadazinyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, thianthrenyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, thienoimidazolyl, thienooxazolyl, thienopyridine, thienothiazolyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiophenyl, triazinyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,5-triazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl and xanthenyl, and in which Het is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by a —(C₁-C₃)-alkyl, halogen, —NH₂, —CF₃ or —O—CF₃; R1 is 1) a hydrogen atom or 2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R3 is 1) —(C₂-C₆)-alkylene-NH₂, wherein said alkylene is unsubstituted or substituted once, twice, three or four times by halogen, 2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-SO₂—(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂ or 3) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-Het, wherein said Het is as defined above and is substituted by —NH₂ and once, twice or three times by R15; R6 is 1) a hydrogen atom, 2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, wherein said alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R16, 3) —O—(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, wherein said alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R16, 4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-Het, wherein said Het is as defined above, wherein said alkylene and Het are unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R16, 5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-aryl, wherein said alkylene and aryl are unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R16, or 6) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl, wherein said alkylene and cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R16; R7 is a hydrogen atom, F or —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R8 is a hydrogen atom, F or —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R9 is a hydrogen atom, F or —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R15 is a hydrogen atom, —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, —O—CF₃, —NH₂, —OH, —CF₃ or halogen; and R16 is —O—CF₃, —OH, —CF₃ or F.
 4. A compound of the formula (I) as claimed in claim 1, or a stereoisomer thereof or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing compounds, where X is —C(O)—; U is oxygen atom; A is —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-; V is —(C₂-C₈)-alkylene-, wherein said alkylene is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once or twice by —OH, F or Cl; D is —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-; Y is phenyl, wherein said phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R15; R1 is 1) a hydrogen atom or 2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R3 is 1) —(C₂-C₆)-alkylene-NH₂, 2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-SO₂—(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂ or 3) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-pyridyl, wherein said pyridyl is substituted by —NH₂ and once, twice or three times by R15; R6 is 1) a hydrogen atom, 2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, 3) —CF₃, 4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-phenyl or 5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl; R7, R8 and R9 are each hydrogen atom; and R15 is a hydrogen atom, —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, —CF₃ or halogen.
 5. A compound of the formula (I) as claimed in claim 1, or a stereoisomer thereof or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing compounds, where X is —C(O)—; U is oxygen atom; A is —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-; V is —(C₂-C₈)-alkylene-; D is —(C₁-C₂)-alkylene-; Y is phenyl, wherein said phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by R15; R1 is 1) a hydrogen atom or 2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R3 is 1) —(C₂-C₆)-alkylene-NH₂, 2) —(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-SO₂—(C₁-C₄)-alkylene-NH₂ or 3) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-pyridyl, wherein said pyridyl is substituted by —NH₂ or once, twice or three times by R15; R6 is 1) a hydrogen atom, 2) —(C₁-C₆)-alkyl, 3) —CF₃, 4) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-phenyl or 5) —(C₀-C₄)-alkylene-(C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl; R7, R8 and R9 are each hydrogen atom; and R15 is a hydrogen atom, —(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, —CF₃ or halogen.
 6. A compound of the formula (I), or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound of the formula (I) is, wherein the compound of the formula (I) is (S)-3-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((8S,11R)-8-isopropyl-10-oxo-6-oxa-1,9,14-triazabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-13(16),14-dien-11-yl)ureido]propionic acid or (S)-3-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-2-[3-((3R,6S)-6-isopropyl-4-oxo-8-oxa-5-azabicyclo[11.2.2]heptadeca-1(16),13(17), 14-trien-3-yl)ureido]propionic acid.
 7. A process for preparing the compound of the formula (I) as claimed in claim 1, or a stereoisomer thereof or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing compounds, which comprises a) reacting a compound of the formula (II)

wherein U, R6 and R8 have the meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula, (I), with an amino acid of the formula (III)

wherein R9, A, Y and D have the meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula (I), resulting in a compound of the formula (IV)

which is converted under the conditions of ring-closure metathesis and subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting double bond into a compound of the formula (V)

wherein V is —(C₂-C₄)-alkylene-, subsequently eliminating the protective group PG, and obtaining the compound of the formula (VI),

and reacting the compound of formula (VI), a compound of the formula (VII)

wherein R3 and R7 have the meanings mentioned in formula (I), PG is a suitable ester protective group radical, and the nitrogen in R3 is protected where appropriate by a suitable amino protective group, and phosgene or a phosgene equivalent to give a compound of the formula (VIII)

subsequently the protective group PG and the protective group which is present where appropriate on the nitrogen in R3 are eliminated, resulting in the compound of the formula (I); or b) reacting a compound of the formula (IX)

wherein U, V, R6 and R8 have the meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula (I), and PG_(a) is a suitable carboxyl protective group, with an amino acid of the formula (X)

wherein R9, Y and D have the meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula (I), and PG_(b) and PG_(c) are suitable amino protective groups, resulting in a compound of the formula (XI)

which, after elimination of the protective groups PG_(a) and PG_(b), is converted into the compound of the formula (XII)

which is converted by means of an amide coupling into a compound of the formula (V), wherein A has the meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula (I), subsequently the protective group is eliminated and the compound of the formula (VI) is obtained, and reacting the compound of formula (VI), a compound of the formula (VII) wherein R3 and R7 have the meanings mentioned in formula (I), PG is a suitable ester protective group radical, and the nitrogen in R3 is protected where appropriate by a suitable amino protective group, and phosgene or a phosgene equivalent to give a compound of the formula (VIII), subsequently the protective group PG and the protective group which is present where appropriate on the nitrogen in R3 are eliminated, resulting in the compound of the formula (I); or c) reacting a compound of the formula (XIII)

wherein U, V, R6 and R8 have the meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula (I), and PG_(d) is a suitable amino protective group, with an amino acid of the formula (XIV)

wherein R9, Y and D have the meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula 0(j, and PG_(c) is a suitable amino protective group and PG_(e) is a suitable carboxyl protective group, resulting in a compound of the formula (XV)

which, after elimination of the protective groups PG_(d) and PG_(e), is converted into the compound of the formula (XVI)

which is reacted to give a compound of the formula (V), wherein A has the meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula (I), subsequently the protective group is eliminated and the compound of the formula (VI) is obtained, and reacting a compound of formula (VI), a compound of the formula (VII), wherein R3 and R7 have the meanings mentioned in formula (I), PG is a suitable ester protective group radical, and the nitrogen in R3 is protected where appropriate by a suitable amino protective group, and phosgene or a phosgene equivalent to give a compound of the formula (VIII), and subsequently the protective group PG and the protective group which is present where appropriate on the nitrogen in R3 are eliminated, resulting in the compound of the formula (I); or d) reacting a compound of the formula (XVII)

wherein U, V, A, Y, D, R₆, R₈ and R₉ have the meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula (I), with a compound of the formula (V), subsequently the protective groups are eliminated, and a compound of the formula (VI) is obtained, and reacting a compound of formula (VI), a compound of the formula (VII), wherein R3 and R7 have the meanings mentioned in formula (I), PG is a suitable ester protective group radical, and the nitrogen in R3 is protected where appropriate by a suitable amino protective group, and phosgene or a phosgene equivalent to give a compound of the formula (VII), and subsequently the protective groups PG and, where appropriate, the protective group on the nitrogen in R3 are eliminated, resulting in the compound of the formula (I); or e) converting a compound of the formula (VIIIa)

wherein V is —(C₃-C₄)-alkenylene-, into the compound of the formula (VIIIb)

wherein V is —(C₃-C₄)-alkylene-, wherein said alkylene is substituted independently of one another once, twice or three times by —OH, NH₂ or halogen, subsequently the compound of the formula (VIIIb) is converted in analogy to process a) into the compound of the formula (I); or f) reacting a compound of the formula (XVIII)

wherein V is as defined in the compound of the formula (I), successively with the compounds of the formula (XIX) and (XX)

employing bases in polar, aprotic solvents, and converting the resulting compounds of the formula (XXI)

by removing the protective group PGa and subsequent formation of a peptide linkage into a compound of the formula (V), and reacting the latter as in process a) to give compounds of the formula (I), wherein R6, R8, R9, and A, D, U, V and Y have the meanings mentioned in formula (I), and PG is suitable protective groups, and LG is a leaving group selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine and sulfonic ester; or g) reacting a compound of the formula (VI) with a compound of the formula (XXII)

wherein R3 and R7 have the meanings mentioned in the compound of the formula (I), and PG is a suitable protective group radical, to give a compound of the formula (XXIII)

and then converting into a compound of the formula (I); or h) fractionating a compound of the formula (I) prepared by processes a), b), c), d), e), f) or g), or a suitable precursor of the formula (which occurs in enantiomeric forms owing to its chemical structure, by salt formation with enantiopure acids or bases, chromatography on chiral stationary phases or derivatization by means of chiral enantiopure compounds, separation of the diastereomers obtained in this way, and elimination of the chiral auxiliary groups into the pure enantiomers; or i) either isolating in free form the compound of the formula (I) prepared by processes a), b), c), d), e), f) or g), or converting into physiologically tolerated salts in the case where acidic or basic groups are present.
 8. A medicament comprising an effective content of at least one compound of the formula (I) as claimed in claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof, mixtures of these forms in any ratio, or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing compounds, together with a pharmaceutically suitable and physiologically tolerated carrier, additive and/or other active ingredients and excipients.
 9. A method for the prophylaxis, secondary prevention and therapy of one or more disorders which are associated with thromboses, embolisms, hypercoagulability or fibrotic changes, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula (I) according to claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof, mixtures of these forms in any ratio, or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing compounds, to a patient in need of such treatment.
 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the one or more disorders are selected from the group consisting of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, peripheral vascular disorders, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, embolic or thrombotic events caused by cardiac arrhythmias, and restenosis following revascularization, angioplasty, stent implantation, or bypass operations.
 11. A method for reducing the risk of thrombosis formation following surgical procedures comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof, mixtures of these forms in any ratio, or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing, to a patient in need of such treatment.
 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the surgical procedure is selected from the group consisting of knee replacement surgery and hip replacement surgery.
 13. A method for the prophylaxis, secondary prevention or therapy of disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis or intravascular events associated with inflammation comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof, mixtures of these forms in any ratio, or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing, to a patient in need of such treatment.
 14. A method for the prophylaxis, secondary prevention or therapy of atherosclerosis, tumor growth and metastasis, inflammatory and degenerative articular disorders, diabetes or metabolic syndrome and the sequelae thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof, mixtures of these forms in any ratio, or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing, to a patient in need of such treatment.
 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the articular disorder is chosen from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis and arthrosis.
 16. A method for the prophylaxis, secondary prevention or therapy for impairments to the hemostatic system comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof, mixtures of these forms in any ratio, or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing, to a patient in need of such treatment.
 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein said impairment to the hemostatic system is fibrin deposition.
 18. A method for the prophylaxis, secondary prevention or therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, fibrin deposits in the eye following eye operations or the prevention or treatment of scarring of the eye comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof, mixtures of these forms in any ratio, or a physiologically tolerated salt of any of the foregoing, to a patient in need of such treatment. 